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Obtaining large-scale annotated data for NLP tasks in the scientific domain is challenging and expensive. We release SciBERT, a pretrained language model based on BERT (Devlin et al., 2018) to address the lack of high-quality, large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Iz Beltagy , Kyle Lo , Arman Cohan

The pre-trained language models like BERT, though powerful in many natural language processing tasks, are both computation and memory expensive. To alleviate this problem, one approach is to compress them for specific tasks before…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Lu Hou , Zhiqi Huang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Xiao Chen , Qun Liu

Pre-trained models have been shown effective in many code intelligence tasks. These models are pre-trained on large-scale unlabeled corpus and then fine-tuned in downstream tasks. However, as the inputs to pre-training and downstream tasks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Chaozheng Wang , Yuanhang Yang , Cuiyun Gao , Yun Peng , Hongyu Zhang , Michael R. Lyu

Large pre-trained language models have recently gained significant traction due to their improved performance on various down-stream tasks like text classification and question answering, requiring only few epochs of fine-tuning. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Souvik Kundu , Sharath Nittur Sridhar , Maciej Szankin , Sairam Sundaresan

The ColBERT model has recently been proposed as an effective BERT based ranker. By adopting a late interaction mechanism, a major advantage of ColBERT is that document representations can be precomputed in advance. However, the big downside…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Carlos Lassance , Maroua Maachou , Joohee Park , Stéphane Clinchant

In recent years, researchers tend to pre-train ever-larger language models to explore the upper limit of deep models. However, large language model pre-training costs intensive computational resources and most of the models are trained from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Cheng Chen , Yichun Yin , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Yujia Qin , Fengyu Wang , Zhi Wang , Xiao Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Qun Liu

Knowledge tracing (KT) models are a popular approach for predicting students' future performance at practice problems using their prior attempts. Though many innovations have been made in KT, most models including the state-of-the-art Deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Yang Shi , Min Chi , Tiffany Barnes , Thomas Price

Transformer-based models generally allocate the same amount of computation for each token in a given sequence. We develop a simple but effective "token dropping" method to accelerate the pretraining of transformer models, such as BERT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Le Hou , Richard Yuanzhe Pang , Tianyi Zhou , Yuexin Wu , Xinying Song , Xiaodan Song , Denny Zhou

Masked Language Modeling (MLM) is widely used to pretrain language models. The standard random masking strategy in MLM causes the pre-trained language models (PLMs) to be biased toward high-frequency tokens. Representation learning of rare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Linhan Zhang , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Chong Deng , Xin Cao , Kongzhang Hao , Yuxin Jiang , Wei Wang

The use of large pretrained neural networks to create contextualized word embeddings has drastically improved performance on several natural language processing (NLP) tasks. These computationally expensive models have begun to be applied to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Benjamin Clavié , Kobi Gal

This paper investigates the effectiveness of pre-training for few-shot intent classification. While existing paradigms commonly further pre-train language models such as BERT on a vast amount of unlabeled corpus, we find it highly effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Haode Zhang , Yuwei Zhang , Li-Ming Zhan , Jiaxin Chen , Guangyuan Shi , Albert Y. S. Lam , Xiao-Ming Wu

Current approaches to reducing undesired capabilities in language models are largely post hoc, and can thus be easily bypassed by adversaries. A natural alternative is to shape capabilities during pretraining itself. On the proxy task of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Neil Rathi , Alec Radford

Vulnerability analysis is crucial for software security. This work focuses on using pre-training techniques to enhance the understanding of vulnerable code and boost vulnerability analysis. The code understanding ability of a pre-trained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Zhongxin Liu , Zhijie Tang , Junwei Zhang , Xin Xia , Xiaohu Yang

Foundation models (e.g., CodeBERT, GraphCodeBERT, CodeT5) work well for many software engineering tasks. These models are pre-trained (using self-supervision) with billions of code tokens, and then fine-tuned with hundreds of thousands of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Toufique Ahmed , Premkumar Devanbu

Since the rise of neural natural-language-to-code models (NL->Code) that can generate long expressions and statements rather than a single next-token, one of the major problems has been reliably evaluating their generated output. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Shuyan Zhou , Uri Alon , Sumit Agarwal , Graham Neubig

Vision tokens in multimodal large language models often dominate huge computational overhead due to their excessive length compared to linguistic modality. Abundant recent methods aim to solve this problem with token pruning, which first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zichen Wen , Yifeng Gao , Shaobo Wang , Junyuan Zhang , Qintong Zhang , Weijia Li , Conghui He , Linfeng Zhang

Large-scale pre-trained models like BERT, have obtained a great success in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, while it is still a challenge to adapt them to the math-related tasks. Current pre-trained models neglect the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Shuai Peng , Ke Yuan , Liangcai Gao , Zhi Tang

Addressing the computational challenges inherent in training large-scale deep neural networks remains a critical endeavor in contemporary machine learning research. While previous efforts have focused on enhancing training efficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Xiao Shou , Debarun Bhattacharjya , Yanna Ding , Chen Zhao , Rui Li , Jianxi Gao

Transformer-based pre-training models like BERT have achieved remarkable performance in many natural language processing tasks.However, these models are both computation and memory expensive, hindering their deployment to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Wei Zhang , Lu Hou , Yichun Yin , Lifeng Shang , Xiao Chen , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Developers often perform repetitive code editing activities for various reasons (e.g., code refactoring) during software development. Pre-trained code editing models have achieved the state-of-the-art (SOTA) results. Pre-trained models are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Jia Li , Ge Li , Zhuo Li , Zhi Jin , Xing Hu , Kechi Zhang , Zhiyi Fu