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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been widely applied to various fields due to their powerful representations of graph-structured data. Despite the success of GNNs, most existing GNNs are designed to learn node representations on the fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Seongjun Yun , Minbyul Jeong , Sungdong Yoo , Seunghun Lee , Sean S. Yi , Raehyun Kim , Jaewoo Kang , Hyunwoo J. Kim

The (variational) graph auto-encoder is widely used to learn representations for graph-structured data. However, the formation of real-world graphs is a complicated and heterogeneous process influenced by latent factors. Existing encoders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Di Fan , Chuanhou Gao

Despite that going deep has proven successful in many neural architectures, the existing graph transformers are relatively shallow. In this work, we explore whether more layers are beneficial to graph transformers, and find that current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Haiteng Zhao , Shuming Ma , Dongdong Zhang , Zhi-Hong Deng , Furu Wei

Recently, Transformer-based image restoration networks have achieved promising improvements over convolutional neural networks due to parameter-independent global interactions. To lower computational cost, existing works generally limit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Jiale Zhang , Yulun Zhang , Jinjin Gu , Yongbing Zhang , Linghe Kong , Xin Yuan

Graph transformers have emerged as a promising architecture for a variety of graph learning and representation tasks. Despite their successes, though, it remains challenging to scale graph transformers to large graphs while maintaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Hamed Shirzad , Ameya Velingker , Balaji Venkatachalam , Danica J. Sutherland , Ali Kemal Sinop

Graph pre-training has been concentrated on graph-level tasks involving small graphs (e.g., molecular graphs) or learning node representations on a fixed graph. Extending graph pre-trained models to web-scale graphs with billions of nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yufei He , Zhenyu Hou , Yukuo Cen , Jun Hu , Feng He , Xu Cheng , Jie Tang , Bryan Hooi

Multi-graph learning is crucial for extracting meaningful signals from collections of heterogeneous graphs. However, effectively integrating information across graphs with differing topologies, scales, and semantics, often in the absence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zahra Moslemi , Ziyi Liang , Norbert Fortin , Babak Shahbaba

Transformers have revolutionized performance in Natural Language Processing and Vision, paving the way for their integration with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). One key challenge in enhancing graph transformers is strengthening the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yun Young Choi , Sun Woo Park , Minho Lee , Youngho Woo

The attention mechanism has demonstrated superior performance for inference over nodes in graph neural networks (GNNs), however, they result in a high computational burden during both training and inference. We propose FastGAT, a method to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Rakshith S Srinivasa , Cao Xiao , Lucas Glass , Justin Romberg , Jimeng Sun

Graph Transformer is a new architecture that surpasses GNNs in graph learning. While there emerge inspiring algorithm advancements, their practical adoption is still limited, particularly on real-world graphs involving up to millions of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Meng Zhang , Jie Sun , Qinghao Hu , Peng Sun , Zeke Wang , Yonggang Wen , Tianwei Zhang

Graph Transformers (GTs) have achieved impressive results on various graph-related tasks. However, the huge computational cost of GTs hinders their deployment and application, especially in resource-constrained environments. Therefore, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Chuang Liu , Yibing Zhan , Xueqi Ma , Liang Ding , Dapeng Tao , Jia Wu , Wenbin Hu , Bo Du

Hypergraphs play a pivotal role in the modelling of data featuring higher-order relations involving more than two entities. Hypergraph neural networks emerge as a powerful tool for processing hypergraph-structured data, delivering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zexi Liu , Bohan Tang , Ziyuan Ye , Xiaowen Dong , Siheng Chen , Yanfeng Wang

In heterogeneous graphs, we can observe complex structures such as tree-like or hierarchical structures. Recently, the hyperbolic space has been widely adopted in many studies to effectively learn these complex structures. Although these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jongmin Park , Seunghoon Han , Hyewon Lee , Won-Yong Shin , Sungsu Lim

Real-world graphs naturally exhibit hierarchical or cyclical structures that are unfit for the typical Euclidean space. While there exist graph neural networks that leverage hyperbolic or spherical spaces to learn representations that embed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Sungjun Cho , Seunghyuk Cho , Sungwoo Park , Hankook Lee , Honglak Lee , Moontae Lee

Learning representations on large graphs is a long-standing challenge due to the inter-dependence nature. Transformers recently have shown promising performance on small graphs thanks to its global attention for capturing all-pair…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Qitian Wu , Kai Yang , Hengrui Zhang , David Wipf , Junchi Yan

Transformers serve as the backbone architectures of Foundational Models, where domain-specific tokenizers allow them to adapt to various domains. Graph Transformers (GTs) have recently emerged as leading models in geometric deep learning,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Limei Wang , Kaveh Hassani , Si Zhang , Dongqi Fu , Baichuan Yuan , Weilin Cong , Zhigang Hua , Hao Wu , Ning Yao , Bo Long

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs), widely recognized for their potential to generate high-quality samples, tend to go unnoticed in representation learning. While recent progress has highlighted their potential for capturing visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Dingshuo Chen , Shuchen Xue , Liuji Chen , Yingheng Wang , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Zhi-Ming Ma , Liang Wang

Graph transformers are the state-of-the-art for learning from graph-structured data and are empirically known to avoid several pitfalls of message-passing architectures. However, there is limited theoretical analysis on why these models…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-19 Nil Ayday , Lingchu Yang , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar

One common belief is that with complex models and pre-training on large-scale datasets, transformer-based methods for referring expression comprehension (REC) perform much better than existing graph-based methods. We observe that since most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Jingcheng Ke , Dele Wang , Jun-Cheng Chen , I-Hong Jhuo , Chia-Wen Lin , Yen-Yu Lin

Graph neural networks are powerful architectures for structured datasets. However, current methods struggle to represent long-range dependencies. Scaling the depth or width of GNNs is insufficient to broaden receptive fields as larger GNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Zhanghao Wu , Paras Jain , Matthew A. Wright , Azalia Mirhoseini , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica