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We propose TAROT, a targeted data selection framework grounded in optimal transport theory. Previous targeted data selection methods primarily rely on influence-based greedy heuristics to enhance domain-specific performance. While effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Lan Feng , Fan Nie , Yuejiang Liu , Alexandre Alahi

We propose novel fast algorithms for optimal transport (OT) utilizing a cyclic symmetry structure of input data. Such OT with cyclic symmetry appears universally in various real-world examples: image processing, urban planning, and graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Shoichiro Takeda , Yasunori Akagi , Naoki Marumo , Kenta Niwa

Policy-Relevant Treatment Effects (PRTEs) are generally not point-identified under standard Instrumental Variable (IV) assumptions when the instrument generates limited support in treatment propensity. We show that PRTE partial…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-28 Jiyuan Tan , Jose Blanchet , Vasilis Syrgkanis

The theory of Monge-Kantorovich Optimal Mass Transport (OMT) has in recent years spurred a fast developing phase of research in stochastic control, control of ensemble systems, thermodynamics, data science, and several other fields in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-14 Mahmoud Abdelgalil , Tryphon T. Georgiou

Optimal transport (OT) is a powerful framework to compare probability measures, a fundamental task in many statistical and machine learning problems. Substantial advances have been made in designing OT variants which are either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Clément Bonet , Kimia Nadjahi , Thibault Séjourné , Kilian Fatras , Nicolas Courty

In many applications such as color image processing, data has more than one piece of information associated with each spatial coordinate, and in such cases the classical optimal mass transport (OMT) must be generalized to handle…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-19 Ernest K. Ryu , Yongxin Chen , Wuchen Li , Stanley Osher

Domain adaptation from one data space (or domain) to another is one of the most challenging tasks of modern data analytics. If the adaptation is done correctly, models built on a specific data space become more robust when confronted to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-23 Nicolas Courty , Rémi Flamary , Devis Tuia , Alain Rakotomamonjy

This paper shows that the semi-dual formulation of the optimal transport problem has a degenerate saddle-point structure, and that its numerical solution is equivalent to solving a constrained optimization problem. We derive necessary and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Anton Selitskiy , David Millard

In many real-world settings--e.g., single-cell RNA sequencing, mobility sensing, and environmental monitoring--data are observed only as temporally aggregated snapshots collected over finite time windows, often with noisy or uncertain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Keisuke Kawano , Takuro Kutsuna , Naoki Hayashi , Yasushi Esaki , Hidenori Tanaka

In online incremental learning, data continuously arrives with substantial distributional shifts, creating a significant challenge because previous samples have limited replay value when learning a new task. Prior research has typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Quyen Tran , Hai Nguyen , Hoang Phan , Quan Dao , Linh Ngo , Khoat Than , Dinh Phung , Dimitris Metaxas , Trung Le

Rare events such as conformational changes in biomolecules, phase transitions, and chemical reactions are central to the behavior of many physical systems, yet they are extremely difficult to study computationally because unbiased…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-16 Yuanqi Du , Jiajun He , Dinghuai Zhang , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Carles Domingo-Enrich

Neural language models are often trained with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), where the next word is generated conditioned on the ground-truth word tokens. During testing, however, the model is instead conditioned on previously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Guoyin Wang , Chunyuan Li , Jianqiao Li , Hao Fu , Yuh-Chen Lin , Liqun Chen , Yizhe Zhang , Chenyang Tao , Ruiyi Zhang , Wenlin Wang , Dinghan Shen , Qian Yang , Lawrence Carin

Few-Shot classification aims at solving problems that only a few samples are available in the training process. Due to the lack of samples, researchers generally employ a set of training tasks from other domains to assist the target task,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Renjie Xu , Xinghao Yang , Baodi Liu , Kai Zhang , Weifeng Liu

Optimal transport (OT) is a widely used technique in machine learning, graphics, and vision that aligns two distributions or datasets using their relative geometry. In symmetry-rich settings, however, OT alignments based solely on pairwise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Annabel Ma , Kaiying Hou , David Alvarez-Melis , Melanie Weber

Deep neural networks (DNNs) often produce overconfident predictions on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, undermining their reliability in open-world environments. Singularities in semi-discrete optimal transport (OT) mark regions of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Keke Tang , Ziyong Du , Xiaofei Wang , Weilong Peng , Peican Zhu , Zhihong Tian

Machine learning systems operate under the assumption that training and test data are sampled from a fixed probability distribution. However, this assumptions is rarely verified in practice, as the conditions upon which data was acquired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Eduardo Fernandes Montesuma , Fred Maurice Ngolè Mboula , Antoine Souloumiac

In several applications, including imaging of deformable objects while in motion, simultaneous localization and mapping, and unlabeled sensing, we encounter the problem of recovering a signal that is measured subject to unknown…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Yanting Ma , Petros T. Boufounos , Hassan Mansour , Shuchin Aeron

Regularising the primal formulation of optimal transport (OT) with a strictly convex term leads to enhanced numerical complexity and a denser transport plan. Many formulations impose a global constraint on the transport plan, for instance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Hugues Van Assel , Titouan Vayer , Remi Flamary , Nicolas Courty

Although vital to computer vision systems, few-shot action recognition is still not mature despite the wide research of few-shot image classification. Popular few-shot learning algorithms extract a transferable embedding from seen classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Su Lu , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan

Estimating optimal transport (OT) maps (a.k.a. Monge maps) between two measures $P$ and $Q$ is a problem fraught with computational and statistical challenges. A promising approach lies in using the dual potential functions obtained when…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-20 Aram-Alexandre Pooladian , Marco Cuturi , Jonathan Niles-Weed