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Quadrupedal locomotion over complex terrain has been a long-standing research topic in robotics. While recent reinforcement learning-based locomotion methods improve generalizability and foot-placement precision, they rely on implicit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Matthew Hwang , Yubin Liu , Ryo Hakoda , Takeshi Oishi

The adaptability of soft robots makes them ideal candidates to maneuver through unstructured environments. However, locomotion challenges arise due to complexities in modeling the body mechanics, actuation, and robot-environment dynamics.…

Legged robots, specifically quadrupeds, are becoming increasingly attractive for industrial applications such as inspection. However, to leave the laboratory and to become useful to an end user requires reliability in harsh conditions. From…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-13 David Wisth , Marco Camurri , Maurice Fallon

This paper studies bipedal locomotion as a nonlinear optimization problem based on continuous and discrete dynamics, by simultaneously optimizing the remaining step duration, the next step duration and the foot location to achieve…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Wenbin Hu , Iordanis Chatzinikolaidis , Kai Yuan , Zhibin Li

Dynamic quadrupedal locomotion over rough terrains reveals remarkable progress over the last few decades. Small-scale quadruped robots are adequately flexible and adaptable to traverse uneven terrains along sagittal direction, such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Hongwu Zhu , Dong Wang , Nathan Boyd , Ziyi Zhou , Lecheng Ruan , Aidong Zhang , Ning Ding , Ye Zhao , Jianwen Luo

Dynamic traversal of uneven terrain is a major objective in the field of legged robotics. The most recent model predictive control approaches for these systems can generate robust dynamic motion of short duration; however, planning over a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Oliwier Melon , Mathieu Geisert , David Surovik , Ioannis Havoutis , Maurice Fallon

Legged robots leverage ground contacts and the reaction forces they provide to achieve agile locomotion. However, uncertainty coupled with contact discontinuities can lead to failure, especially in real-world environments with unexpected…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Yanhao Yang , Joseph Norby , Justin K. Yim , Aaron M. Johnson

Legged locomotion is a complex control problem that requires both accuracy and robustness to cope with real-world challenges. Legged systems have traditionally been controlled using trajectory optimization with inverse dynamics. Such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Fabian Jenelten , Junzhe He , Farbod Farshidian , Marco Hutter

The operational environments in which a mobile robot executes its missions often exhibit non-flat terrain characteristics, encompassing outdoor and indoor settings featuring ramps and slopes. In such scenarios, the conventional…

To generate reliable motion for legged robots through trajectory optimization, it is crucial to simultaneously compute the robot's path and contact sequence, as well as accurately consider the dynamics in the problem formulation. In this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Sangmin Kim , Hajun Kim , Gijeong Kim , Min-Gyu Kim , Hae-Won Park

Recently, the centroidal momentum dynamics has received substantial attention to plan dynamically consistent motions for robots with arms and legs in multi-contact scenarios. However, it is also non convex which renders any optimization…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Brahayam Ponton , Alexander Herzog , Andrea Del Prete , Stefan Schaal , Ludovic Righetti

Faced with complex and unstructured construction environments, wheeled and tracked robots exhibit significant limitations in terrain adaptability and flexibility, making it difficult to meet the requirements of autonomous operation.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Xiao Liu , Xianlong Yang , Weijun Wang , Wei Feng

As robots operate in increasingly complex and dynamic environments, fast motion re-planning has become a widely explored area of research. In a real-world deployment, we often lack the ability to fully observe the environment at all times,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Mark Nicholas Finean , Wolfgang Merkt , Ioannis Havoutis

Ground robots navigating in complex, dynamic environments must compute collision-free trajectories to avoid obstacles safely and efficiently. Nonconvex optimization is a popular method to compute a trajectory in real-time. However, these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Oscar de Groot , Laura Ferranti , Dariu M. Gavrila , Javier Alonso-Mora

Legged navigation is typically examined within open-world, off-road, and challenging environments. In these scenarios, estimating external disturbances requires a complex synthesis of multi-modal information. This underlines a major…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Junli Ren , Yikai Liu , Yingru Dai , Junfeng Long , Guijin Wang

The linearization of the equations of motion of a robotics system about a given state-input trajectory, including a controlled equilibrium state, is a valuable tool for model-based planning, closed-loop control, gain tuning, and state…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Martijn Bos , Silvio Traversaro , Daniele Pucci , Alessandro Saccon

Automatically generating agile whole-body motions for legged and humanoid robots remains a fundamental challenge in robotics. While numerous trajectory optimization approaches have been proposed, there is no clear guideline on how the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Evangelos Tsiatsianas , Chairi Kiourt , Konstantinos Chatzilygeroudis

Navigating cluttered environments is a challenging task for any mobile system. Existing approaches for ground-based mobile systems primarily focus on small wheeled robots, which face minimal constraints with overhanging obstacles and cannot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Monisha Mushtary Uttsha , Cedric Le Gentil , Lan Wu , Teresa Vidal-Calleja

While the transport of matter by wheeled vehicles or legged robots can be guaranteed in engineered landscapes like roads or rails, locomotion prediction in complex environments like collapsed buildings or crop fields remains challenging.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Baxi Chong , Juntao He , Daniel Soto , Tianyu Wang , Daniel Irvine , Grigoriy Blekherman , Daniel I. Goldman

Stability of running on rough terrain depends on the propagation of perturbations due to the ground. We consider stability within the sagittal plane and model the dynamics of running as a two-dimensional body with an alternating aerial and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-05-20 Nihav Dhawale , Shreyas Mandre , Madhusudhan Venkadesan