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Recently, the Vision Transformer (ViT), which applied the transformer structure to the image classification task, has outperformed convolutional neural networks. However, the high performance of the ViT results from pre-training using a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Seung Hoon Lee , Seunghyun Lee , Byung Cheol Song

Conventional wisdom suggests that pre-training Vision Transformers (ViT) improves downstream performance by learning useful representations. Is this actually true? We investigate this question and find that the features and representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Alexander C. Li , Yuandong Tian , Beidi Chen , Deepak Pathak , Xinlei Chen

Tactile-vision-language (TVL) models are increasingly deployed in real-world robotic and multimodal perception tasks, where test-time distribution shifts are unavoidable. Existing test-time adaptation (TTA) methods provide filtering in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Chuyang Ye , Haoxian Jing , Qinting Jiang , Yixi Lin , Qiang Li , Xing Tang , Jingyan Jiang

This paper proposes a working recipe of using Vision Transformer (ViT) in class incremental learning. Although this recipe only combines existing techniques, developing the combination is not trivial. Firstly, naive application of ViT to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Pei Yu , Yinpeng Chen , Ying Jin , Zicheng Liu

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) methods improve the robustness of deep neural networks to domain shift on a variety of tasks such as image classification or segmentation. This work explores adapting segmentation models to a single unlabelled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Klara Janouskova , Tamir Shor , Chaim Baskin , Jiri Matas

Although action recognition systems can achieve top performance when evaluated on in-distribution test points, they are vulnerable to unanticipated distribution shifts in test data. However, test-time adaptation of video action recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Wei Lin , Muhammad Jehanzeb Mirza , Mateusz Kozinski , Horst Possegger , Hilde Kuehne , Horst Bischof

Adversarial training (AT) can help improve the robustness of Vision Transformers (ViT) against adversarial attacks by intentionally injecting adversarial examples into the training data. However, this way of adversarial injection inevitably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Fudong Lin , Jiadong Lou , Xu Yuan , Nian-Feng Tzeng

Deep neural networks often degrade under distribution shifts. Although domain adaptation offers a solution, privacy constraints often prevent access to source data, making Test-Time Adaptation (TTA, which adapts using only unlabeled test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Linjing You , Jiabao Lu , Xiayuan Huang

Recent advances of Transformers have brought new trust to computer vision tasks. However, on small dataset, Transformers is hard to train and has lower performance than convolutional neural networks. We make vision transformers as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Bin Chen , Ran Wang , Di Ming , Xin Feng

Vision Transformers (ViTs) is emerging as an alternative to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for visual recognition. They achieve competitive results with CNNs but the lack of the typical convolutional inductive bias makes them more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Yun-Hao Cao , Hao Yu , Jianxin Wu

Recently, foundation models based on Vision Transformers (ViTs) have become widely available. However, their fine-tuning process is highly resource-intensive, and it hinders their adoption in several edge or low-energy applications. To this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Alessio Devoto , Federico Alvetreti , Jary Pomponi , Paolo Di Lorenzo , Pasquale Minervini , Simone Scardapane

Face Image Quality Assessment (FIQA) aims to predict the utility of a face image for face recognition (FR) systems. State-of-the-art FIQA methods mainly rely on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), leaving the potential of Vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Andrea Atzori , Fadi Boutros , Naser Damer

Deep classifiers may encounter significant performance degradation when processing unseen testing data from varying centers, vendors, and protocols. Ensuring the robustness of deep models against these domain shifts is crucial for their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Yuhao Huang , Xin Yang , Xiaoqiong Huang , Xinrui Zhou , Haozhe Chi , Haoran Dou , Xindi Hu , Jian Wang , Xuedong Deng , Dong Ni

Traditional fault diagnosis methods using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) often struggle with capturing the temporal dynamics of vibration signals. To overcome this, the application of Transformer-based Vision Transformer (ViT) methods…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Shouhua Zhang , Jiehan Zhou , Xue Ma , Susanna Pirttikangas , Chunsheng Yang

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) has emerged as an effective solution for adapting Vision Transformers (ViT) to distribution shifts without additional training data. However, existing TTA methods often incur substantial computational overhead,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yizhe Xiong , Zihan Zhou , Yiwen Liang , Hui Chen , Zijia Lin , Tianxiang Hao , Fan Zhang , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Exploring the trustworthiness of deep learning models is crucial, especially in critical domains such as medical imaging decision support systems. Conformal prediction has emerged as a rigorous means of providing deep learning models with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Mehran Zoravar , Shadi Alijani , Homayoun Najjaran

Cell instance segmentation is a fundamental task in digital pathology with broad clinical applications. Recently, vision foundation models, which are predominantly based on Vision Transformers (ViTs), have achieved remarkable success in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yang Yang , Xijie Xu , Yixun Zhou , Jie Zheng

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt a trained classifier using online unlabeled test data only, without any information related to the training procedure. Most existing TTA methods adapt the trained classifier using the classifier's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Minguk Jang , Sae-Young Chung , Hye Won Chung

Test-time adaptation is a promising research direction that allows the source model to adapt itself to changes in data distribution without any supervision. Yet, current methods are usually evaluated on benchmarks that are only a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Damian Sójka , Sebastian Cygert , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Tomasz Trzciński

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has gained increasing popularity due to its efficacy in addressing ``distribution shift'' issue while simultaneously protecting data privacy. However, most prior methods assume that a paired source domain model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Aiming Zhang , Tianyuan Yu , Liang Bai , Jun Tang , Yanming Guo , Yirun Ruan , Yun Zhou , Zhihe Lu