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We start by building up some theory to state Wagner's Theorem, and then prove it using Kuratowski's Theorem, a proof of which is found in Diester (2000). Following this, we establish some connections between the chromatic number of a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-25 Arnold Tan Junhan

Motivated by different characterizations of planar graphs and the 4-Color Theorem, several structural results concerning graphs of high chromatic number have been obtained. Toward strengthening some of these results, we consider the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-07 Andrea Jiménez , Jessica McDonald , Reza Naserasr , Kathryn Nurse , Daniel A. Quiroz

Let $G$ be a simple graph with maximum degree $\Delta(G)$. A subgraph $H$ of $G$ is overfull if $|E(H)|>\Delta(G)\lfloor |V(H)|/2 \rfloor$. Chetwynd and Hilton in 1985 conjectured that a graph $G$ with $\Delta(G)>|V(G)|/3$ has chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Michael J. Plantholt , Songling Shan

Haj\'os conjectured that every graph containing no subdivision of the complete graph $K_{s+1}$ is properly $s$-colorable. This conjecture was disproved by Catlin. Indeed, the maximum chromatic number of such graphs is $\Omega(s^2/\log s)$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-28 Chun-Hung Liu , David R. Wood

The Hadwiger number h(G) of a graph G is the maximum size of a complete minor of G. Hadwiger's Conjecture states that h(G) >= \chi(G). Since \chi(G) \alpha(G) >= |V(G)|, Hadwiger's Conjecture implies that \alpha(G) h(G) >= |V(G)|. We show…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-10-14 Jozsef Balogh , John Lenz , Hehui Wu

Consider the following relaxation of the Hadwiger Conjecture: For each $t$ there exists $N_t$ such that every graph with no $K_t$-minor admits a vertex partition into $\ceil{\alpha t+\beta}$ parts, such that each component of the subgraph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-10-05 David R. Wood

A "dominating $K_t$-model" in a graph $G$ is a sequence $(T_1,\dots,T_t)$ of pairwise vertex-disjoint connected subgraphs of $G$, such that whenever $1\leq i<j\leq t$ every vertex in $T_j$ has a neighbour in $T_i$. Replacing "every vertex…

As evidence for the Odd Hadwiger Conjecture, Simonyi and Zsb\'an (2010) showed that every Kneser graph $G$ with large enough order (compared to $\chi(G)$) contains a totally odd subdivision of $K_{\chi(G)}$. A recent result of Steiner…

Let $G$ be a simple graph with maximum degree $\Delta(G)$. A subgraph $H$ of $G$ is overfull if $|E(H)|>\Delta(G)\lfloor \frac{1}{2}|V(H)| \rfloor$. Chetwynd and Hilton in 1986 conjectured that a graph $G$ with $\Delta(G)>\frac{1}{3}|V(G)|$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-28 Songling Shan

Hadwiger's conjecture asserts that any graph contains a clique minor with order no less than the chromatic number of the graph. We prove that this well-known conjecture is true for all graphs if and only if it is true for squares of split…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-03 L. Sunil Chandran , Davis Issac , Sanming Zhou

Assume $\lambda=\{k_1,k_2, \ldots, k_q\}$ is a partition of $k_{\lambda} = \sum_{i=1}^q k_i$. A $\lambda$-list assignment of $G$ is a $k_\lambda$-list assignment $L$ of $G$ such that the colour set $\bigcup_{v \in V(G)}L(v)$ can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-16 Yangyan Gu , Yiting Jiang , David R. Wood , Xuding Zhu

In a simple graph $G$, we prove that the \textit{Hadwiger number}, $h(G)$, of the given graph $G$ always upper bounds the \textit{chromatic number}, $\chi(G)$, of the given graph $G$, that is, $\chi(G) \leq h(G)$. This simply stated problem…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-04-25 T Srinivasa Murthy

The dichromatic number $\vec{\chi}(D)$ of a digraph $D$ is the smallest $k$ for which it admits a $k$-coloring where every color class induces an acyclic subgraph. Inspired by Hadwiger's conjecture for undirected graphs, several groups of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Tamás Mészáros , Raphael Steiner

Given graphs $G, H_1, H_2$, we write $G \rightarrow ({H}_1, H_2)$ if every $\{$red, blue$\}$-coloring of the edges of $G$ contains a red copy of $H_1$ or a blue copy of $H_2$. A non-complete graph $G$ is $(H_1, H_2)$-co-critical if $G…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Hunter Davenport , Zi-Xia Song , Fan Yang

We introduce the following weak version of Hadwiger's conjecture: If $G$ is a graph and $\kappa$ is a cardinal such that there is no coloring map $c:G \to \kappa$, then $K_\kappa$ is a minor of $G$. We prove that this statement is true for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-13 Dominic van der Zypen

One of the most famous conjecture in graph theory is Hedetniemi's conjecture stating that the chromatic number of the categorical product of graphs is the minimum of their chromatic numbers. Using a suitable extension of the definition of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-14 Hossein Hajiabolhassan , Frédéric Meunier

We present a necessary and sufficient condition for a graph of odd-girth $2k+1$ to bound the class of $K_4$-minor-free graphs of odd-girth (at least) $2k+1$, that is, to admit a homomorphism from any such $K_4$-minor-free graph. This yields…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-31 Laurent Beaudou , Florent Foucaud , Reza Naserasr

An $r$-regular graph is an $r$-graph, if every odd set of vertices is connected to its complement by at least $r$ edges. Let $G$ and $H$ be $r$-graphs. An $H$-coloring of $G$ is a mapping $f\colon E(G) \to E(H)$ such that each $r$ adjacent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-16 Yulai Ma , Davide Mattiolo , Eckhard Steffen , Isaak H. Wolf

A conflict-free k-coloring of a graph assigns one of k different colors to some of the vertices such that, for every vertex v, there is a color that is assigned to exactly one vertex among v and v's neighbors. Such colorings have…

For a hypergraph $H$, let $q(H)$ denote the expected number of monochromatic edges when the color of each vertex in $H$ is sampled uniformly at random from the set of size 2. Let $s_{\min}(H)$ denote the minimum size of an edge in $H$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-17 Lech Duraj , Grzegorz Gutowski , Jakub Kozik