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In recent times we hear increasingly often about cyber attacks on various commercial and strategic sites that manage to escape any defense. In this article, we model such attacks on networks via stochastic processes and predict the time of…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-01-23 Jewgeni H. Dshalalow , Ryan T. White

The rapid increase in the number of cyber-attacks in recent years raises the need for principled methods for defending networks against malicious actors. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising approach for mitigating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Gregory Palmer , Chris Parry , Daniel J. B. Harrold , Chris Willis

Machine learning-based malware detectors are increasingly vulnerable to adversarial examples. Traditional defenses, such as one-shot adversarial training, often fail against adaptive attackers who use reinforcement learning to bypass…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Olha Jurečková , Martin Jureček , Matouš Kozák , Róbert Lórencz

Vulnerabilities severely threaten software systems, making the timely application of security patches crucial for mitigating attacks. However, software vendors often silently patch vulnerabilities with limited disclosure, where Security…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Qingyuan Li , Chenchen Yu , Chuanyi Li , Xin-Cheng Wen , Cheryl Lee , Cuiyun Gao , Bin Luo

This paper studies the performance and resilience of a linear cyber-physical control system (CPCS) with attack detection and reactive attack mitigation in the context of power grids. It addresses the problem of deriving an optimal sequence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Subhash Lakshminarayana , Jabir Shabbir Karachiwala , Teo Zhan Teng , Rui Tan , David K. Y. Yau

The current security problems in cyberspace are characterized by strong and complex threats. Defenders face numerous problems such as lack of prior knowledge, various threats, and unknown vulnerabilities, which urgently need new fundamental…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Jiale Fu , Yali Yuan , Jiajun He , Sichu Liang , Zhe Huang , Hongyu Zhu

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) and Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices are increasingly being deployed across multiple functionalities, ranging from healthcare devices and wearables to critical infrastructures, e.g., nuclear power plants,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Tanujay Saha , Najwa Aaraj , Neel Ajjarapu , Niraj K. Jha

The state of security demands innovative solutions to defend against targeted attacks due to the growing sophistication of cyber threats. This study explores the nefarious tactic known as "watering hole attacks using supervised neural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Mst. Nishita Aktar , Sornali Akter , Md. Nusaim Islam Saad , Jakir Hosen Jisun , Kh. Mustafizur Rahman , Md. Nazmus Sakib

The widespread integration of embedded systems across various industries has facilitated seamless connectivity among devices and bolstered computational capabilities. Despite their extensive applications, embedded systems encounter…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Sreenitha Kasarapu , Sathwika Bavikadi , Sai Manoj Pudukotai Dinakarrao

Complex network infrastructure systems for power-supply, communication, and transportation support our economical and social activities, however they are extremely vulnerable against the frequently increasing large disasters or attacks.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-04-05 Yukio Hayashi , Atsushi Tanaka , Jun Matsukubo

We address a fundamental challenge in cybersecurity operations of translating governance frameworks into actionable mitigation decisions under realistic resource constraints. Frameworks such as the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) provide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Philip Huff , Dakota Dale , Harshith Guduru , Rohan Singh , Qinghua Li

The evolution of networked systems, driven by innovations in software-defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), open radio access networks (O-RAN), and cloud-native architectures, is redefining both the operational…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Junaid Farooq , Quanyan Zhu

The deployment of robust malware detection systems in big data environments requires careful consideration of both security effectiveness and computational efficiency. While recent advances in adversarial defenses have demonstrated strong…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ayush Chaudhary , Sisir Doppalpudi

To enhance the efficiency of incident response triage operations, it is not cost-effective to defend all systems equally in a complex cyber environment. Instead, prioritizing the defense of critical functionality and the most vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Jinting Zhu , Julian Jang-Jaccard , Ian Welch , Harith Al-Sahaf , Seyit Camtepe

Malware continues to be a major cyber threat, despite the tremendous effort that has been made to combat them. The number of malware in the wild steadily increases over time, meaning that we must resort to automated defense techniques. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Deqiang Li , Qianmu Li , Yanfang Ye , Shouhuai Xu

Text watermarking aims to subtly embed statistical signals into text by controlling the Large Language Model (LLM)'s sampling process, enabling watermark detectors to verify that the output was generated by the specified model. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yixin Cheng , Hongcheng Guo , Yangming Li , Leonid Sigal

While there is a plethora of cybersecurity and risk management frameworks for different target audiences and use cases, micro-businesses (MBs) are often overlooked. As the smallest business entities, MBs represent a special case with regard…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Etkin Getir

In this paper, we propose the Stateless Permutation of Application Memory (SPAM), a software defense that enables fine-grained data permutation for C programs. The key benefits include resilience against attacks that directly exploit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Mohamed Tarek Ibn Ziad , Miguel A. Arroyo , Simha Sethumadhavan

Phishing attacks have become the most used technique in the online scams, initiating more than 91% of cyberattacks, from 2012 onwards. This study reviews how Phishing and Spear Phishing attacks are carried out by the phishers, through 5…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Alessandro Ecclesie Agazzi

With the advance in malware technology, attackers create new ways to hide their malicious code from antivirus services. One way to obfuscate an attack is to use common files as cover to hide the malicious scripts, so the malware will look…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Eli Belkind , Ran Dubin , Amit Dvir