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We present an imaging algorithm for polarimetric interferometric data from radio telescopes. It is based on Bayesian statistics and thereby able to provide uncertainties and to incorporate prior information such as positivity of the total…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-02 Philipp Arras , Jakob Roth , Martin Reinecke , Richard A. Perley , Andrei Frolov , Rüdiger Westermann , Torsten A. Enßlin

Bayesian model selection provides a formal method of determining the level of support for new parameters in a model. However, if there is not a specific enough underlying physical motivation for the new parameters it can be hard to assign…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Christopher Gordon , Roberto Trotta

Phase self-calibration (or selfcal) is an algorithm often used in the calibration of interferometric observations in astronomy. Although a powerful tool, this algorithm presents strong limitations when applied to data with a low…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 I. Marti-Vidal , J. M. Marcaide

Flux calibration of spectra in reverberation mapping (RM) is most often performed by assuming the flux constancy of some specified narrow emission lines, which stem from an extended region that is sometimes partially spatially resolved, in…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Yan-Rong Li , Jian-Min Wang , Chen Hu , Pu Du , Jin-Ming Bai

Methods currently in use for locating and characterising sources in radio interferometry maps are designed for processing images, and require interferometric maps to be preprocessed so as to resemble conventional images. We demonstrate a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-26 Peter Hague , Haoyang Ye , Bojan Nikolic , Steve Gull

Our ability to calibrate current kilometer-scale interferometers can potentially confound the inference of astrophysical signals. Current calibration uncertainties are well described by a Gaussian process. I exploit this description to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-27 Reed Essick

The 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen is anticipated to reveal critical insights into the formation of early cosmic structures during the Cosmic Dawn and the subsequent Epoch of Reionization. However, the intrinsic faintness of the signal,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-27 Yuchen Liu , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Peter Sims

The simulation of physical phenomena with computer models relies on the estimation of physical and/or numerical parameters calibrated to fit experimental data. The approximations within the computer model and the errors in the measurements…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Paul Lartaud , Gwenaël Salin

In order to cope with the increased data volumes generated by modern radio interferometers such as LOFAR (Low Frequency Array) or SKA (Square Kilometre Array), fast and efficient calibration algorithms are essential. Traditional radio…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-15 Sarod Yatawatta

Precision calibration poses challenges to experiments probing the redshifted 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization (z~30-6). In both interferometric and global signal experiments, systematic…

We introduce a computational efficient data-driven framework suitable for quantifying the uncertainty in physical parameters and model formulation of computer models, represented by differential equations. We construct physics-informed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-01 Michail Spitieris , Ingelin Steinsland

In order to meet the theoretically achievable imaging performance, calibration of modern radio interferometers is a mandatory challenge, especially at low frequencies. In this perspective, we propose a novel parallel iterative…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-09 Martin Brossard , Mohammed Nabil El Korso , Marius Pesavento , Rémy Boyer , Pascal Larzabal , Stefan J. Wijnholds

We report on a broader evaluation of statistical bootstrap resampling methods as a tool for pixel-level calibration and imaging fidelity assessment in radio interferometry. Pixel-level imaging fidelity assessment is a challenging problem,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Athol Kemball , Adam Martinsek , Modhurita Mitra , Hsin-Fang Chiang

Growing interest in 21 cm tomography has led to the design and construction of broadband radio interferometers with low noise, moderate angular resolution, high spectral resolution, and wide fields of view. With characteristics somewhat…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-25 Adrian Liu , Max Tegmark , Scott Morrison , Andrew Lutomirski , Matias Zaldarriaga

Radio interferometers are phased arrays producing high-resolution images from the covariance matrix of measurements. Calibration of such instruments is necessary and is a critical task. This is how the estimation of instrumental errors is…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-26 Yassine Mhiri , Mohammed Nabil El Korso , Arnaud Breloy , Pascal Larzabal

We introduce the Bayesian Global Sky Model (B-GSM), a novel data-driven Bayesian approach to modelling radio foregrounds at frequencies <400~MHz. B-GSM aims to address the limitations of previous models by incorporating robust error…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 George Carter , Will Handley , Mark Ashdown , Nima Razavi-Ghods

Modern radio interferometers deliver large volumes of data containing high-sensitivity sky maps over wide fields-of-view. These large area observations can contain various and superposed structures such as point sources, extended objects,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-05 Richard Fuchs , Jakob Knollmüller , Jakob Roth , Vincent Eberle , Philipp Frank , Torsten A. Enßlin , Lukas Heinrich

A new technique is presented for producing images from interferometric data. The method, ``smear fitting'', makes the constraints necessary for interferometric imaging double as a model, with uncertainties, of the sky brightness…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Robert I. Reid

I describe an approach to fitting and comparison of radio spectra based on Bayesian analysis and realised using a new implementation of the nested sampling algorithm. Such an approach improves on the commonly used maximum-likelihood fitting…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-14 Bojan Nikolic

CLEAN, the commonly employed imaging algorithm in radio interferometry, suffers from a number of shortcomings: in its basic version it does not have the concept of diffuse flux, and the common practice of convolving the CLEAN components…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-17 Philipp Arras , Hertzog L. Bester , Richard A. Perley , Reimar Leike , Oleg Smirnov , Rüdiger Westermann , Torsten A. Enßlin