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In forecasting multiple time series, accounting for the individual features of each sequence can be challenging. To address this, modern deep learning methods for time series analysis combine a shared (global) model with local layers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Luca Butera , Giovanni De Felice , Andrea Cini , Cesare Alippi

Detecting anomalies in traffic scenes is crucial for ensuring safety in autonomous driving, yet collecting representative anomalous data remains challenging. Existing anomaly detection methods are highly specialized and rely on normality as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Albert Schotschneider , Daniel Bogdoll , Svetlana Pavlitska , Ahmed Abouelazm , Johann Marius Zoellner

Conventional time-series forecasting methods typically aim to minimize overall prediction error, without accounting for the varying importance of different forecast ranges in downstream applications. We propose a training methodology that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Luca-Andrei Fechete , Mohamed Sana , Fadhel Ayed , Nicola Piovesan , Wenjie Li , Antonio De Domenico , Tareq Si Salem

Machine learning algorithms are designed to capture complex relationships between features. In this context, the high dimensionality of data often results in poor model performance, with the risk of overfitting. Feature selection, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Paolo Bonetti , Alberto Maria Metelli , Marcello Restelli

There is a growing need for machine learning-based anomaly detection strategies to broaden the search for Beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and elsewhere. The first step of any anomaly detection…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-01-18 Gregor Kasieczka , Radha Mastandrea , Vinicius Mikuni , Benjamin Nachman , Mariel Pettee , David Shih

Recently, adversarial deception becomes one of the most considerable threats to deep neural networks. However, compared to extensive research in new designs of various adversarial attacks and defenses, the neural networks' intrinsic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Fuxun Yu , Zhuwei Qin , Chenchen Liu , Liang Zhao , Yanzhi Wang , Xiang Chen

In this paper, we present the Sub-Adjacent Transformer with a novel attention mechanism for unsupervised time series anomaly detection. Unlike previous approaches that rely on all the points within some neighborhood for time point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Wenzhen Yue , Xianghua Ying , Ruohao Guo , DongDong Chen , Ji Shi , Bowei Xing , Yuqing Zhu , Taiyan Chen

Time series anomaly detection is challenging due to the complexity and variety of patterns that can occur. One major difficulty arises from modeling time-dependent relationships to find contextual anomalies while maintaining detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Chih-Yu Lai , Fan-Keng Sun , Zhengqi Gao , Jeffrey H. Lang , Duane S. Boning

Anomaly detection of time series plays an important role in reliability systems engineering. However, in practical application, there is no precisely defined boundary between normal and anomalous behaviors in different application…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Ziling Wu , Ping Liu , Zheng Hu , Bocheng Li , Jun Wang

We argue that the current practice of evaluating AI/ML time-series forecasting models, predominantly on benchmarks characterized by strong, persistent periodicities and seasonalities, obscures real progress by overlooking the performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Raeid Saqur , Christoph Bergmeir , Blanka Horvath , Daniel Schmidt , Frank Rudzicz , Terry Lyons

Time series anomaly detection is essential for the reliable operation of complex systems, but most existing methods require extensive task-specific training. We explore whether time series foundation models (TSFMs), pretrained on large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Miseon Park , Kijung Yoon

This paper introduces a new methodology for detecting anomalies in time series data, with a primary application to monitoring the health of (micro-) services and cloud resources. The main novelty in our approach is that instead of modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Fadhel Ayed , Lorenzo Stella , Tim Januschowski , Jan Gasthaus

Most deep anomaly detection models are based on learning normality from datasets due to the difficulty of defining abnormality by its diverse and inconsistent nature. Therefore, it has been a common practice to learn normality under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Minkyung Kim , Jongmin Yu , Junsik Kim , Tae-Hyun Oh , Jun Kyun Choi

This paper considers an anomaly detection problem in which a detection algorithm assigns anomaly scores to multi-dimensional data points, such as cellular networks' Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). We propose an optimization framework to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Ali Maatouk , Fadhel Ayed , Wenjie Li , Yu Wang , Hong Zhu , Jiantao Ye

Conditional differential entropy provides an intuitive measure for relatively ranking time-series complexity by quantifying uncertainty in future observations given past context. However, its direct computation for high-dimensional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Jacob Ayers , Richard Hahnloser , Julia Ulrich , Lothar Sebastian Krapp , Remo Nitschke , Sabine Stoll , Balthasar Bickel , Reinhard Furrer

Outlier-robust estimation is a fundamental problem and has been extensively investigated by statisticians and practitioners. The last few years have seen a convergence across research fields towards "algorithmic robust statistics", which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-19 Luca Carlone

Recent algorithms of time-series anomaly detection have been evaluated by applying a Point Adjustment (PA) protocol. However, the PA protocol has a problem of overestimating the performance of the detection algorithms because it only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Yongwan Gim , Kyushik Min

The recent development of foundation models for time series data has generated considerable interest in using such models across a variety of applications. Although foundation models achieve state-of-the-art predictive performance, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Coen Adler , Yuxin Chang , Felix Draxler , Samar Abdi , Padhraic Smyth

Anomaly detection (AD) is a fundamental task for time-series analytics with important implications for the downstream performance of many applications. In contrast to other domains where AD mainly focuses on point-based anomalies (i.e.,…

Time Series Anomaly Detection metrics serve as crucial tools for model evaluation. However, existing metrics suffer from several limitations: insufficient discriminative power, strong hyperparameter dependency, sensitivity to perturbations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhijie Zhong , Zhiwen Yu , Yiu-ming Cheung , Kaixiang Yang