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Gaussian building blocks are essential for photonic quantum information processing, and universality can be practically achieved by equipping Gaussian circuits with adaptive measurement and feedforward. The number of adaptive steps then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Changhun Oh , Youngrong Lim

Quantum advantage requires overcoming noise-induced degradation of quantum systems. Conventional methods for reducing noise such as error mitigation face scalability issues in deep circuits. Specifically, noise hampers the extraction of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Yonglong Ding , Ruyu Yang

The optimization of Variational Quantum Eigensolver is severely challenged by finite-shot sampling noise, which distorts the cost landscape, creates false variational minima, and induces statistical bias called winner's curse. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Vojtěch Novák , Silvie Illésová , Tomáš Bezděk , Ivan Zelinka , Martin Beseda

Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is a nonparametric supervised learning method, widely valued for its ability to quantify uncertainty. Despite its advantages and broad applications, classical GPR implementations face significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Junpeng Hu , Jinglai Li , Lei Zhang , Shi Jin

Gradient-based optimizers have been proposed for training variational quantum circuits in settings such as quantum neural networks (QNNs). The task of gradient estimation, however, has proven to be challenging, primarily due to distinctive…

In recent years, variational quantum algorithms have garnered significant attention as a candidate approach for near-term quantum advantage using noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. In this article we introduce kernel descent,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Lars Simon , Holger Eble , Manuel Radons

By utilizing quantum mechanical effects, such as superposition and entanglement, quantum metrology promises higher precision than the classical strategies. It is, however, practically challenging to realize the quantum advantages. This is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Ran Liu , Ze Wu , Xiaodong Yang , Yuchen Li , Hui Zhou , Zhaokai Li , Yuquan Chen , Haidong Yuan , Xinhua Peng

The natural gradient descent optimisation technique is an efficient optimising protocol for broad classes of classical and quantum systems that takes the underlying geometry of the parameter manifold into account by means of using either…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Ankit Gill , Kunal Pal

A broad class of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms known as "variational algorithms" have been proposed in the context of quantum simulation, machine learning, and combinatorial optimization as a means of potentially achieving a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-09 Aram Harrow , John Napp

We study stochastic zeroth order gradient and Hessian estimators for real-valued functions in $\mathbb{R}^n$. We show that, via taking finite difference along random orthogonal directions, the variance of the stochastic finite difference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yasong Feng , Tianyu Wang

An important step in building a quantum computer is calibrating experimentally implemented quantum gates to produce operations that are close to ideal unitaries. The calibration step involves estimating the systematic errors in gates and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Shelby Kimmel , Guang Hao Low , Theodore J. Yoder

State estimation is a classical problem in quantum information. In optimization of estimation scheme, to find a lower bound to the error of the estimator is a very important step. So far, all the proposed tractable lower bounds use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yoshiyuki Tsuda , Keiji Matsumoto

Computation of observables and their gradients on near-term quantum hardware is a central aspect of any quantum algorithm. In this work, we first review standard approaches to the estimation of observables with and without quantum amplitude…

Adaptive protocols enable the construction of more efficient state preparation circuits in variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) by utilizing data obtained from the quantum processor during the execution of the algorithm. This idea…

Gradient descent is one of the most basic algorithms for solving continuous optimization problems. In [Jordan, PRL, 95(5):050501, 2005], Jordan proposed the first quantum algorithm for estimating gradients of functions close to linear, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Yuxin Zhang , Changpeng Shao

The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm was proposed as a heuristic method for solving combinatorial optimisation problems on near-term quantum computers and may be among the first algorithms to perform useful computations in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-10 David Headley , Thorge Müller , Ana Martin , Enrique Solano , Mikel Sanz , Frank K. Wilhelm

The phase estimation algorithm is a powerful quantum algorithm with applications in cryptography, number theory, and simulation of quantum systems. We use this algorithm to simulate the time evolution of a system of two spin-1/2 particles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 Scott Johnstun , Jean-François Van Huele

Efficient optimization of quantum systems is a necessity for reaching fault tolerant thresholds. A standard tool for optimizing simulated quantum dynamics is the gradient-based \textsc{grape} algorithm, which has been successfully applied…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Mogens Dalgaard , Felix Motzoi , Jesper Hasseriis Mohr Jensen , Jacob Sherson

Optimal phase estimation protocols require complex state preparation and readout schemes, generally unavailable or unscalable in many quantum platforms. We develop and analyze a scheme that achieves near-optimal precision up to a constant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Su Direkci , Ran Finkelstein , Manuel Endres , Tuvia Gefen

The rapid development of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices has raised the question of whether or not these devices will find commercial use. Unfortunately, a major shortcoming of many proposed NISQ-amenable algorithms, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Amara Katabarwa , Alex Kunitsa , Borja Peropadre , Peter Johnson