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Related papers: Language Models as Knowledge Embeddings

200 papers

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate an impressive capacity to recall a vast range of factual knowledge. However, understanding their underlying reasoning and internal mechanisms in exploiting this knowledge remains a key research area.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Marco Bronzini , Carlo Nicolini , Bruno Lepri , Jacopo Staiano , Andrea Passerini

Lexical relations describe how concepts are semantically related, in the form of relation triples. The accurate prediction of lexical relations between concepts is challenging, due to the sparsity of patterns indicating the existence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Chengyu Wang , Minghui Qiu , Jun Huang , Xiaofeng He

Knowledge Graphs (KG) are of vital importance for multiple applications on the web, including information retrieval, recommender systems, and metadata annotation. Regardless of whether they are built manually by domain experts or with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Daniel Daza , Michael Cochez , Paul Groth

Knowledge graph embedding (KGE) constitutes a foundational task, directed towards learning representations for entities and relations within knowledge graphs (KGs), with the objective of crafting representations comprehensive enough to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yang Liu , Chuan Zhou , Peng Zhang , Yanan Cao , Yongchao Liu , Zhao Li , Hongyang Chen

Knowledge graph embeddings (KGE) apply machine learning methods on knowledge graphs (KGs) to provide non-classical reasoning capabilities based on similarities and analogies. The learned KG embeddings are typically used to answer queries by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yuqicheng Zhu , Nico Potyka , Jiarong Pan , Bo Xiong , Yunjie He , Evgeny Kharlamov , Steffen Staab

Knowledge graph (KG) reasoning is an important problem for knowledge graphs. In this paper, we propose a novel and principled framework called \textbf{RulE} (stands for {Rul}e {E}mbedding) to effectively leverage logical rules to enhance KG…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Xiaojuan Tang , Song-Chun Zhu , Yitao Liang , Muhan Zhang

Knowledge graph embedding involves learning representations of entities -- the vertices of the graph -- and relations -- the edges of the graph -- such that the resulting representations encode the known factual information represented by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Thomas Gebhart , Jakob Hansen , Paul Schrater

We propose knowledge internalization (KI), which aims to complement the lexical knowledge into neural dialog models. Instead of further conditioning the knowledge-grounded dialog (KGD) models on externally retrieved knowledge, we seek to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Zhiyong Wu , Wei Bi , Xiang Li , Lingpeng Kong , Ben Kao

Joint representation learning of text and knowledge within a unified semantic space enables us to perform knowledge graph completion more accurately. In this work, we propose a novel framework to embed words, entities and relations into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

The rise of graph-structured data has driven major advances in Graph Machine Learning (GML), where graph embeddings (GEs) map features from Knowledge Graphs (KGs) into vector spaces, enabling tasks like node classification and link…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Rosario Napoli , Gabriele Morabito , Antonio Celesti , Massimo Villari , Maria Fazio

Ontology, and more broadly, Knowledge Graph Matching is a challenging task in which expressiveness has not been fully addressed. Despite the increasing use of embeddings and language models for this task, approaches for generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Guilherme Sousa , Rinaldo Lima , Cassia Trojahn

In recent years, there has been a resurgence in methods that use distributed (neural) representations to represent and reason about semantic knowledge for robotics applications. However, while robots often observe previously unknown…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Angel Daruna , Mehul Gupta , Mohan Sridharan , Sonia Chernova

Knowledge graph embedding (KGE) models are extensively studied for knowledge graph completion, yet their evaluation remains constrained by unrealistic benchmarks. Standard evaluation metrics rely on the closed-world assumption, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Nasim Shirvani-Mahdavi , Farahnaz Akrami , Chengkai Li

Knowledge Graph Embedding (KGE) is a common approach for Knowledge Graphs (KGs) in AI tasks. Embedding dimensions depend on application scenarios. Requiring a new dimension means training a new KGE model from scratch, increasing cost and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yushan Zhu , Wen Zhang , Zhiqiang Liu , Mingyang Chen , Lei Liang , Huajun Chen

Complex node interactions are common in knowledge graphs, and these interactions also contain rich knowledge information. However, traditional methods usually treat a triple as a training unit during the knowledge representation learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Bin He , Di Zhou , Jinghui Xiao , Xin jiang , Qun Liu , Nicholas Jing Yuan , Tong Xu

Conventional Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC) assumes that all test entities appear during training. However, in real-world scenarios, Knowledge Graphs (KG) evolve fast with out-of-knowledge-graph (OOKG) entities added frequently, and we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Damai Dai , Hua Zheng , Fuli Luo , Pengcheng Yang , Baobao Chang , Zhifang Sui

Knowledge representation is an important, long-history topic in AI, and there have been a large amount of work for knowledge graph embedding which projects symbolic entities and relations into low-dimensional, real-valued vector space.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Han Xiao , Minlie Huang , Xiaoyan Zhu

Using knowledge graph embedding models (KGEMs) is a popular approach for predicting links in knowledge graphs (KGs). Traditionally, the performance of KGEMs for link prediction is assessed using rank-based metrics, which evaluate their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Nicolas Hubert , Pierre Monnin , Armelle Brun , Davy Monticolo

Knowledge bases (KBs) and text often contain complementary knowledge: KBs store structured knowledge that can support long range reasoning, while text stores more comprehensive and timely knowledge in an unstructured way. Separately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Vardaan Pahuja , Yu Gu , Wenhu Chen , Mehdi Bahrami , Lei Liu , Wei-Peng Chen , Yu Su

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performances in user-facing tasks such as question answering, as well as consistent improvements in reasoning capabilities. Still, the way these models encode knowledge seems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Davide Cavicchini , Fausto Giunchiglia , Jacopo Staiano