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A recent line of work has analyzed the theoretical properties of deep neural networks via the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). In particular, the smallest eigenvalue of the NTK has been related to the memorization capacity, the global…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-23 Quynh Nguyen , Marco Mondelli , Guido Montufar

In wireless communications, estimation of channels in OFDM systems spans frequency and time, which relies on sparse collections of pilot data, posing an ill-posed inverse problem. Moreover, deep learning estimators require large amounts of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Mohammed Mallik , Guillaume Villemaud

Neural models combining representation learning and reasoning in an end-to-end trainable manner are receiving increasing interest. However, their use is severely limited by their computational complexity, which renders them unusable on real…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Pasquale Minervini , Matko Bosnjak , Tim Rocktäschel , Sebastian Riedel

We propose an efficient classical algorithm to estimate the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) associated with a broad class of quantum neural networks. These networks consist of arbitrary unitary operators belonging to the Clifford group…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Anderson Melchor Hernandez , Davide Pastorello , Giacomo De Palma

Modern deep neural networks (DNNs) are extremely powerful; however, this comes at the price of increased depth and having more parameters per layer, making their training and inference more computationally challenging. In an attempt to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-04 Lingyu Gu , Yongqi Du , Yuan Zhang , Di Xie , Shiliang Pu , Robert C. Qiu , Zhenyu Liao

We introduce the neural tangent kernel (NTK) regime for two-layer neural operators and analyze their generalization properties. For early-stopped gradient descent (GD), we derive fast convergence rates that are known to be minimax optimal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-24 Mike Nguyen , Nicole Mücke

Recently, quantum neural networks or quantum-classical neural networks (qcNN) have been actively studied, as a possible alternative to the conventional classical neural network (cNN), but their practical and theoretically-guaranteed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Kouhei Nakaji , Hiroyuki Tezuka , Naoki Yamamoto

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) framework has provided deep insights into the training dynamics of neural networks under gradient flow. However, it relies on the assumption that the network is differentiable with respect to its parameters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Sriram Nagaraj , Vishakh Hari

This paper presents two models of neural-networks and their training applicable to neural networks of arbitrary width, depth and topology, assuming only finite-energy neural activations; and a novel representor theory for neural networks in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Alistair Shilton , Sunil Gupta , Santu Rana , Svetha Venkatesh

The evolution of a deep neural network trained by the gradient descent can be described by its neural tangent kernel (NTK) as introduced in [20], where it was proven that in the infinite width limit the NTK converges to an explicit limiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Jiaoyang Huang , Horng-Tzer Yau

In training a neural network with gradient descent (GD), each iteration induces a linear operator that governs first-order updates to a model's internal state variables. We define this operator as the Global Empirical Neural Tangent Kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 James Hazelden , Laura Driscoll , Eli Shlizerman , Eric Shea-Brown

Graph neural tangent kernels give a principled infinite-width theory for graph neural networks, but inherit a basic limitation of graph models: they see only pairwise structure. Many relational systems contain higher-order interactions that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sanjukta Krishnagopal

Thompson sampling (TS) is a popular heuristic for action selection, but it requires sampling from a posterior distribution. Unfortunately, this can become computationally intractable in complex environments, such as those modeled using…

Neural networks are known for their ability to approximate smooth functions, yet they fail to generalize perfectly to unseen inputs when trained on discrete operations. Such operations lie at the heart of algorithmic tasks such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Artur Back de Luca , George Giapitzakis , Kimon Fountoulakis

There are currently two parameterizations used to derive fixed kernels corresponding to infinite width neural networks, the NTK (Neural Tangent Kernel) parameterization and the naive standard parameterization. However, the extrapolation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , Roman Novak , Samuel S. Schoenholz , Jaehoon Lee

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) framework explains optimization in over-parameterized neural networks via approximately linearized dynamics, yielding exponential convergence guarantees. However, existing results are often overly pessimistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruchirinkil Marreddy , Chaoyue Liu

Past decades have witnessed a great interest in the distinction and connection between neural network learning and kernel learning. Recent advancements have made theoretical progress in connecting infinite-wide neural networks and Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Shao-Qun Zhang , Zong-Yi Chen , Yong-Ming Tian , Xun Lu

Many deep learning tasks have to deal with graphs (e.g., protein structures, social networks, source code abstract syntax trees). Due to the importance of these tasks, people turned to Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) as the de facto method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Shunhua Jiang , Yunze Man , Zhao Song , Zheng Yu , Danyang Zhuo

Yang (2020a) recently showed that the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) at initialization has an infinite-width limit for a large class of architectures including modern staples such as ResNet and Transformers. However, their analysis does not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Greg Yang , Etai Littwin

The study of Neural Tangent Kernels (NTKs) has provided much needed insight into convergence and generalization properties of neural networks in the over-parametrized (wide) limit by approximating the network using a first-order Taylor…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-02 Alistair Shilton , Sunil Gupta , Santu Rana , Svetha Venkatesh