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Balancing competing objectives is omnipresent across disciplines, from drug design to autonomous systems. Multi-objective Bayesian optimization is a promising solution for such expensive, black-box problems: it fits probabilistic surrogates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xinyu Zhang , Conor Hassan , Julien Martinelli , Daolang Huang , Samuel Kaski

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a framework for global optimization of expensive-to-evaluate objective functions. Classical BO methods assume that the objective function is a black box. However, internal information about objective function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Raul Astudillo , Peter I. Frazier

Surrogate algorithms such as Bayesian optimisation are especially designed for black-box optimisation problems with expensive objectives, such as hyperparameter tuning or simulation-based optimisation. In the literature, these algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Laurens Bliek , Arthur Guijt , Rickard Karlsson , Sicco Verwer , Mathijs de Weerdt

We consider the problem of offline black-box optimization, where the goal is to discover optimal designs (e.g., molecules or materials) from past experimental data. A key challenge in this setting is data scarcity: in many scientific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Azza Fadhel , The Hung Tran , Trong Nghia Hoang , Jana Doppa

We consider the problem of black-box function optimization over the boolean hypercube. Despite the vast literature on black-box function optimization over continuous domains, not much attention has been paid to learning models for…

Optimizing costly black-box functions within a constrained evaluation budget presents significant challenges in many real-world applications. Surrogate Optimization (SO) is a common resolution, yet its proprietary nature introduced by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Nazanin Nezami , Hadis Anahideh

Black-box optimization in science and engineering often comes with side information: experts, simulators, pretrained predictors, or heuristics can suggest which candidates look promising. This information can accelerate search, but it can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Nicolas Samuel Blumer , Julien Martinelli , Samuel Kaski

Many engineering problems involve the optimization of computationally expensive models for which derivative information is not readily available. The Bayesian optimization (BO) framework is a particularly promising approach for solving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-10 Joel A. Paulson , Congwen Lu

We focus on the problem of black-box adversarial attacks, where the aim is to generate adversarial examples using information limited to loss function evaluations of input-output pairs. We use Bayesian optimization~(BO) to specifically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Satya Narayan Shukla , Anit Kumar Sahu , Devin Willmott , J. Zico Kolter

A body of work has been done to automate machine learning algorithm to highlight the importance of model choice. Automating the process of choosing the best forecasting model and its corresponding parameters can result to improve a wide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Nadhir Hassen , Irina Rish

An increasingly popular method for solving a constrained combinatorial optimisation problem is to first convert it into a quadratic unconstrained binary optimisation (QUBO) problem, and solve it using a standard QUBO solver. However, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Tian Huang , Siong Thye Goh , Sabrish Gopalakrishnan , Tao Luo , Qianxiao Li , Hoong Chuin Lau

Machine learning has been widely applied in many aspects, but training a machine learning model is increasingly difficult. There are more optimization problems named "black-box" where the relationship between model parameters and outcomes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Vu Tuan Hai

Some real problems require the evaluation of expensive and noisy objective functions. Moreover, the analytical expression of these objective functions may be unknown. These functions are known as black-boxes, for example, estimating the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-12 Lucia Asencio Martín , Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchán

This paper describes a simple, but effective sampling method for optimizing and learning a discrete approximation (or surrogate) of a multi-dimensional function along a one-dimensional line segment of interest. The method does not rely on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-21 Dimitri J. Papageorgiou , Jan Kronqvist , Krishnan Kumaran

Here, we present two complementary approaches that advance quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) toward practical use in data-driven materials design and other real-valued black-box optimization tasks. First, we introduce a…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-15 Thomas Plehn , Daniel Barragan-Yani , Eric Breitbarth , Guillermo Requena , David Melching

Black-box optimization (BBO) is used in materials design, drug discovery, and hyperparameter tuning in machine learning. The world is experiencing several of these problems. In this review, a factorization machine with quantum annealing or…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-30 Ryo Tamura , Yuya Seki , Yuki Minamoto , Koki Kitai , Yoshiki Matsuda , Shu Tanaka , Koji Tsuda

Combinatorial optimization problems are typically formulated using Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO), where constraints are enforced through penalty terms that introduce auxiliary variables and rapidly increase Hamiltonian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Shashank Sanjay Bhat , Peiyong Wang , Joseph West , Udaya Parampalli

AI-assisted molecular optimization is a very active research field as it is expected to provide the next-generation drugs and molecular materials. An important difficulty is that the properties to be optimized rely on costly evaluations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jules Leguy , Thomas Cauchy , Beatrice Duval , Benoit Da Mota

Leveraging quantum computers for optimization problems holds promise across various application domains. Nevertheless, utilizing respective quantum computing solvers requires describing the optimization problem according to the Quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Deborah Volpe , Nils Quetschlich , Mariagrazia Graziano , Giovanna Turvani , Robert Wille

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) is recognized as a unifying framework for modeling a wide range of problems. Problems can be solved with commercial solvers customized for solving QUBO and since QUBO have degree two, it is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-27 Amit Verma , Mark Lewis , Gary Kochenberger