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Backdoor (trojan) attacks embed hidden, controllable behaviors into machine-learning models so that models behave normally on benign inputs but produce attacker-chosen outputs when a trigger is present. This survey reviews the rapidly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Bilal Hussain Abbasi , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Zhang , Shang Gao

Vision transformers (ViTs) have been successfully applied in image classification tasks recently. In this paper, we show that, unlike convolution neural networks (CNNs)that can be improved by stacking more convolutional layers, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Daquan Zhou , Bingyi Kang , Xiaojie Jin , Linjie Yang , Xiaochen Lian , Zihang Jiang , Qibin Hou , Jiashi Feng

The success of Vision Transformer (ViT) in various computer vision tasks has promoted the ever-increasing prevalence of this convolution-free network. The fact that ViT works on image patches makes it potentially relevant to the problem of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Yingyi Chen , Xi Shen , Yahui Liu , Qinghua Tao , Johan A. K. Suykens

Although convolutional networks have been the dominant architecture for vision tasks for many years, recent experiments have shown that Transformer-based models, most notably the Vision Transformer (ViT), may exceed their performance in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Asher Trockman , J. Zico Kolter

Recently vision transformers (ViT) have been applied successfully for various tasks in computer vision. However, important questions such as why they work or how they behave still remain largely unknown. In this paper, we propose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Van-Anh Nguyen , Khanh Pham Dinh , Long Tung Vuong , Thanh-Toan Do , Quan Hung Tran , Dinh Phung , Trung Le

Vision transformers (ViTs) encoding an image as a sequence of patches bring new paradigms for semantic segmentation.We present an efficient framework of representation separation in local-patch level and global-region level for semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yuanduo Hong , Huihui Pan , Weichao Sun , Xinghu Yu , Huijun Gao

Vision Transformers (ViTs) partition input images into uniformly sized patches regardless of their content, resulting in long input sequence lengths for high-resolution images. We present Adaptive Patch Transformers (APT), which addresses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Rohan Choudhury , JungEun Kim , Jinhyung Park , Eunho Yang , László A. Jeni , Kris M. Kitani

Vision Transformer (ViT) has shown its advantages over the convolutional neural network (CNN) with its ability to capture global long-range dependencies for visual representation learning. Besides ViT, contrastive learning is another…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Hua-Bao Ling , Bowen Zhu , Dong Huang , Ding-Hua Chen , Chang-Dong Wang , Jian-Huang Lai

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have demonstrated superior performance over Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in various vision-related tasks such as classification, object detection, and segmentation due to their use of self-attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Fereshteh Baradaran , Mohsen Raji , Azadeh Baradaran , Arezoo Baradaran , Reihaneh Akbarifard

Self-supervised and multimodal vision encoders learn strong visual representations that are widely adopted in downstream vision tasks and large vision-language models (LVLMs). However, downstream users often rely on third-party pretrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Siquan Huang , Yijiang Li , Ningzhi Gao , Xingfu Yan , Leyu Shi , Ying Gao

Recently, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved unprecedented effectiveness in the general domain of image classification. Nonetheless, these models remain underexplored in the field of deepfake detection, given their lower performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Dat Nguyen , Marcella Astrid , Enjie Ghorbel , Djamila Aouada

Vision Transformers (ViT) have recently demonstrated the significant potential of transformer architectures for computer vision. To what extent can image-based deep reinforcement learning also benefit from ViT architectures, as compared to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Tianxin Tao , Daniele Reda , Michiel van de Panne

Privacy and confidentiality of medical data are of utmost importance in healthcare settings. ViTs, the SOTA vision model, rely on large amounts of patient data for training, which raises concerns about data security and the potential for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Raza Imam , Muhammad Huzaifa , Mohammed El-Amine Azz

Incorporating symmetry priors as inductive biases to design equivariant Vision Transformers (ViTs) has emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing their performance. However, existing equivariant ViTs often struggle to balance performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiahong Fu , Qi Xie , Deyu Meng , Zongben Xu

Understanding the mechanisms behind Vision Transformer (ViT), particularly its vulnerability to adversarial perturba tions, is crucial for addressing challenges in its real-world applications. Existing ViT adversarial attackers rely on la…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Chenxing Gao , Hang Zhou , Junqing Yu , YuTeng Ye , Jiale Cai , Junle Wang , Wei Yang

Recently, there has been a surge of interest and attention in Transformer-based structures, such as Vision Transformer (ViT) and Vision Multilayer Perceptron (VMLP). Compared with the previous convolution-based structures, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Hao Cheng , Jinhao Duan , Hui Li , Lyutianyang Zhang , Jiahang Cao , Ping Wang , Jize Zhang , Kaidi Xu , Renjing Xu

Visual State Space Models (VSSM) have shown remarkable performance in various computer vision tasks. However, backdoor attacks pose significant security challenges, causing compromised models to predict target labels when specific triggers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Cheng-Yi Lee , Yu-Hsuan Chiang , Zhong-You Wu , Chia-Mu Yu , Chun-Shien Lu

The advent of Vision Transformers (ViTs) marks a substantial paradigm shift in the realm of computer vision. ViTs capture the global information of images through self-attention modules, which perform dot product computations among…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Shuoxi Zhang , Hanpeng Liu , Stephen Lin , Kun He

Due to the high cost of training, large model (LM) practitioners commonly use pretrained models downloaded from untrusted sources, which could lead to owning compromised models. In-context learning is the ability of LMs to perform multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Gorka Abad , Stjepan Picek , Lorenzo Cavallaro , Aitor Urbieta

Recent self-supervised learning (SSL) methods have shown impressive results in learning visual representations from unlabeled images. This paper aims to improve their performance further by utilizing the architectural advantages of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Sukmin Yun , Hankook Lee , Jaehyung Kim , Jinwoo Shin
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