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Developers of text-to-speech synthesizers (TTS) often make use of human raters to assess the quality of synthesized speech. We demonstrate that we can model human raters' mean opinion scores (MOS) of synthesized speech using a deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Brian Patton , Yannis Agiomyrgiannakis , Michael Terry , Kevin Wilson , Rif A. Saurous , D. Sculley

Speech quality assessment is a critical process in selecting text-to-speech synthesis (TTS) or voice conversion models. Evaluation of voice synthesis can be done using objective metrics or subjective metrics. Although there are many…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Saurabh Agrawal , Raj Gohil , Gopal Kumar Agrawal , Vikram C M , Kushal Verma

Although recent neural text-to-speech (TTS) systems have achieved high-quality speech synthesis, there are cases where a TTS system generates low-quality speech, mainly caused by limited training data or information loss during knowledge…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-26 Yeunju Choi , Youngmoon Jung , Youngjoo Suh , Hoirin Kim

Designing a speech quality assessment (SQA) system for estimating mean-opinion-score (MOS) of multi-rate speech with varying sampling frequency (16-48 kHz) is a challenging task. The challenge arises due to the limited availability of a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-17 Fengyuan Cao , Xinyu Liang , Fredrik Cumlin , Victor Ungureanu , Chandan K. A. Reddy , Christian Schuldt , Saikat Chatterjee

Human subjective evaluation is the gold standard to evaluate speech quality optimized for human perception. Perceptual objective metrics serve as a proxy for subjective scores. The conventional and widely used metrics require a reference…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Chandan K A Reddy , Vishak Gopal , Ross Cutler

Speech quality assessment has been a critical issue in speech processing for decades. Existing automatic evaluations usually require clean references or parallel ground truth data, which is infeasible when the amount of data soars.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Chien-yu Huang , Wei-Tsung Kao , Yist Y. Lin , Hung-yi Lee

Methods for automatically assessing speech quality in real world environments are critical for developing robust human language technologies and assistive devices. Behavioral ratings provided by human raters (e.g., mean opinion scores; MOS)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-09 Mattson Ogg , Caitlyn Bishop , Han Yi , Sarah Robinson

An effective approach to automatically predict the subjective rating for synthetic speech is to train on a listening test dataset with human-annotated scores. Although each speech sample in the dataset is rated by several listeners, most…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Wen-Chin Huang , Erica Cooper , Junichi Yamagishi , Tomoki Toda

Automatic speech quality assessment has become increasingly important as modern speech generation systems continue to advance, while human listening tests remain costly, time-consuming, and difficult to scale. Most existing learning-based…

Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is a popular measure for evaluating synthesized speech. However, the scores obtained in MOS tests are heavily dependent upon many contextual factors. One such factor is the overall range of quality of the samples…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Erica Cooper , Junichi Yamagishi

Speech quality assessment (SQA) is often used to learn a mapping from a high-dimensional input space to a scalar that represents the mean opinion score (MOS) of the perceptual speech quality. Learning such a mapping is challenging for many…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-17 Junyi Fan , Donald Williamson

Explainable speech quality assessment requires moving beyond Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) to analyze underlying perceptual dimensions. To address this, we introduce a novel post-training method that tailors the foundational Audio Large…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-12 Elizaveta Kostenok , Mathieu Salzmann , Milos Cernak

Estimating quality of transmitted speech is known to be a non-trivial task. While traditionally, test participants are asked to rate the quality of samples; nowadays, automated methods are available. These methods can be divided into: 1)…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-12-14 H. Tilkorn , G. Mittag , S. Möller

Speech quality assessment has been a critical component in many voice communication related applications such as telephony and online conferencing. Traditional intrusive speech quality assessment requires the clean reference of the degraded…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-07 Yuchen Liu , Li-Chia Yang , Alex Pawlicki , Marko Stamenovic

Automatic speech quality assessment plays a crucial role in the development of speech synthesis systems, but existing models exhibit significant performance variations across different granularity levels of prediction tasks. This paper…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Xintong Hu , Yixuan Chen , Rui Yang , Wenxiang Guo , Changhao Pan

While deep learning has made impressive progress in speech synthesis and voice conversion, the assessment of the synthesized speech is still carried out by human participants. Several recent papers have proposed deep-learning-based…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-10 Yeunju Choi , Youngmoon Jung , Hoirin Kim

Wideband codecs such as AMR-WB or EVS are widely used in (mobile) speech communication. Evaluation of coded speech quality is often performed subjectively by an absolute category rating (ACR) listening test. However, the ACR test is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-20 Ziyi Xu , Ziyue Zhao , Tim Fingscheidt

This paper introduces NoRefER, a novel referenceless quality metric for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Traditional reference-based metrics for evaluating ASR systems require costly ground-truth transcripts. NoRefER overcomes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Kamer Ali Yuksel , Thiago Ferreira , Golara Javadi , Mohamed El-Badrashiny , Ahmet Gunduz

Existing objective evaluation metrics for voice conversion (VC) are not always correlated with human perception. Therefore, training VC models with such criteria may not effectively improve naturalness and similarity of converted speech. In…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Chen-Chou Lo , Szu-Wei Fu , Wen-Chin Huang , Xin Wang , Junichi Yamagishi , Yu Tsao , Hsin-Min Wang

Assessing the perceptual quality of synthetic speech is crucial for guiding the development and refinement of speech generation models. However, it has traditionally relied on human subjective ratings such as the Mean Opinion Score (MOS),…