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Incrementality, which is used to measure the causal effect of showing an ad to a potential customer (e.g. a user in an internet platform) versus not, is a central object for advertisers in online advertising platforms. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Ashwinkumar Badanidiyuru , Zhe Feng , Tianxi Li , Haifeng Xu

Constrained decision-making is essential for designing safe policies in real-world control systems, yet simulated environments often fail to capture real-world adversities. We consider the problem of learning a policy that will maximize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Sourav Ganguly , Kishan Panaganti , Arnob Ghosh , Adam Wierman

Online bidding and auction are crucial aspects of the online advertising industry. Conventionally, there is only one slot for ad display and most current studies focus on it. Nowadays, multi-slot display advertising is gradually becoming…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Zhen Gong , Lvyin Niu , Yang Zhao , Miao Xu , Zhenzhe Zheng , Haoqi Zhang , Zhilin Zhang , Fan Wu , Rongquan Bai , Chuan Yu , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

In recent years, RTB(Real Time Bidding) becomes a popular online advertisement trading method. During the auction, each DSP(Demand Side Platform) is supposed to evaluate current opportunity and respond with an ad and corresponding bid…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-29 Huahui Liu , Mingrui Zhu , Xiaonan Meng , Yi Hu , Hao Wang

The most significant progress in recent years in online display advertising is what is known as the Real-Time Bidding (RTB) mechanism to buy and sell ads. RTB essentially facilitates buying an individual ad impression in real time while it…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang , Shuai Yuan

Online advertising has recently grown into a highly competitive and complex multi-billion-dollar industry, with advertisers bidding for ad slots at large scales and high frequencies. This has resulted in a growing need for efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Zhe Feng , Swati Padmanabhan , Di Wang

Bid shading plays a crucial role in Real-Time Bidding (RTB) by adaptively adjusting the bid to avoid advertisers overspending. Existing mainstream two-stage methods, which first model bid landscapes and then optimize surplus using…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yinqiu Huang , Hao Ma , Wenshuai Chen , Zongwei Wang , Shuli Wang , Yongqiang Zhang , Xue Wei , Yinhua Zhu , Haitao Wang , Xingxing Wang

Over the past few years, more and more Internet advertisers have started using automated bidding for optimizing their advertising campaigns. Such advertisers have an optimization goal (e.g. to maximize conversions), and some constraints…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Gagan Aggarwal , Andres Perlroth , Junyao Zhao

Brand advertising plays a critical role in building long-term consumer awareness and loyalty, making it a key objective for advertisers across digital platforms. Although real-time bidding has been extensively studied, there is limited…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuanlong Chen , Bowen Zhu , Bing Xia , Yichuan Wang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has shown promise in aligning large language models (LLMs). Yet its reliance on a singular reward model often overlooks the diversity of human preferences. Recent approaches address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Tianze Wang , Dongnan Gui , Yifan Hu , Shuhang Lin , Linjun Zhang

Bidding optimization is one of the most critical problems in online advertising. Sponsored search (SS) auction, due to the randomness of user query behavior and platform nature, usually adopts keyword-level bidding strategies. In contrast,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Jun Zhao , Guang Qiu , Ziyu Guan , Wei Zhao , Xiaofei He

We propose a new Markov Decision Process (MDP) model for ad auctions to capture the user response to the quality of ads, with the objective of maximizing the long-term discounted revenue. By incorporating user response, our model takes into…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yang Cai , Zhe Feng , Christopher Liaw , Aranyak Mehta , Grigoris Velegkas

In cost-per-click (CPC) or cost-per-impression (CPM) advertising campaigns, advertisers always run the risk of spending the budget without getting enough conversions. Moreover, the bidding on advertising inventory has few connections with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Deguang Kong , Konstantin Shmakov , Jian Yang

Effectively aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human-centric values while preventing the degradation of abilities acquired through Pre-training and Supervised Fine-tuning (SFT) poses a central challenge in Reinforcement Learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Keming Lu , Bowen Yu , Fei Huang , Yang Fan , Runji Lin , Chang Zhou

We develop a novel optimization model to maximize the profit of a Demand-Side Platform (DSP) while ensuring that the budget utilization preferences of the DSP's advertiser clients are adequately met. Our model is highly flexible and can be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-31 Alfonso Lobos , Paul Grigas , Zheng Wen , Kuang-chih Lee

In this paper, we initiate the study of the multiplicative bidding language adopted by major Internet search companies. In multiplicative bidding, the effective bid on a particular search auction is the product of a base bid and bid…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-29 MohammadHossein Bateni , Jon Feldman , Vahab Mirrokni , Sam Chiu-wai Wong

In online display advertising, guaranteed contracts and real-time bidding (RTB) are two major ways to sell impressions for a publisher. For large publishers, simultaneously selling impressions through both guaranteed contracts and in-house…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Di Wu , Cheng Chen , Xiujun Chen , Junwei Pan , Xun Yang , Qing Tan , Jian Xu , Kuang-Chih Lee

We study reserve price optimization in multi-phase second price auctions, where the seller's prior actions affect the bidders' later valuations through a Markov Decision Process (MDP). Compared to the bandit setting in existing works, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Rui Ai , Boxiang Lyu , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Michael I. Jordan

We study the problems of distributed online and bandit convex optimization against an adaptive adversary. We aim to minimize the average regret on $M$ machines working in parallel over $T$ rounds with $R$ intermittent communications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Kumar Kshitij Patel , Lingxiao Wang , Aadirupa Saha , Nati Sebro

This paper describes an engine to optimize web publisher revenues from second-price auctions. These auctions are widely used to sell online ad spaces in a mechanism called real-time bidding (RTB). Optimization within these auctions is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Pedro Chahuara , Nicolas Grislain , Grégoire Jauvion , Jean-Michel Renders