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We present a general method for obtaining strong bounds for discrete optimization problems that is based on a concept of branching duality. It can be applied when no useful integer programming model is available, and we illustrate this with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-22 J. G. Benade , J. N. Hooker

A combinatorial optimization problem is to find an optimal solution under the constraints. This is one of the potential applications for quantum computers. Quantum Random Access Optimization (QRAO) is the quantum optimization algorithm that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-03 Hiromichi Matsuyama , Wei-hao Huang , Kohji Nishimura , Yu Yamashiro

Based on decision trees, many fields have arguably made tremendous progress in recent years. In simple words, decision trees use the strategy of "divide-and-conquer" to divide the complex problem on the dependency between input features and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Jinxiong Zhang

Boosted decision trees enjoy popularity in a variety of applications; however, for large-scale datasets, the cost of training a decision tree in each round can be prohibitively expensive. Inspired by ideas from the multi-arm bandit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Maryam Aziz , Jesse Anderton , Javed Aslam

Tree-based regression models are widely used in supervised learning, with the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm serving as a standard reference. CART construction involves solving a sequence of split-selection optimization…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-08 Iro René Kouarfate , Maxime Dion , Anne MacKay , Mathieu Pigeon

Decision trees are popular Classification and Regression tools and, when small-sized, easy to interpret. Traditionally, a greedy approach has been used to build the trees, yielding a very fast training process; however, controlling sparsity…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-24 Rafael Blanquero , Emilio Carrizosa , Cristina Molero-Río , Dolores Romero Morales

Decision tree algorithms have been among the most popular algorithms for interpretable (transparent) machine learning since the early 1980's. The problem that has plagued decision tree algorithms since their inception is their lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Xiyang Hu , Cynthia Rudin , Margo Seltzer

We present an axiomatic framework for analyzing the algorithmic properties of decision trees. This framework supports the classification of decision tree problems through structural and ancestral constraints within a rigorous mathematical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Xi He , Max A. Little

Clustering serves as a vital tool for uncovering latent data structures, and achieving both high accuracy and interpretability is essential. To this end, existing methods typically construct binary decision trees by solving mixed-integer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hayato Suzuki , Shunnosuke Ikeda , Yuichi Takano

Decision trees and their ensembles are popular in machine learning as easy-to-understand models. Several techniques have been proposed in the literature for learning tree-based classifiers, with different techniques working well for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Maria-Florina Balcan , Dravyansh Sharma

Global optimization of decision trees is a long-standing challenge in combinatorial optimization, yet such models play an important role in interpretable machine learning. Although the problem has been investigated for several decades, only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiancheng Tu , Wenqi Fan , Zhibin Wu

We investigate the problem of active learning on a given tree whose nodes are assigned binary labels in an adversarial way. Inspired by recent results by Guillory and Bilmes, we characterize (up to constant factors) the optimal placement of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-23 Nicolo Cesa-Bianchi , Claudio Gentile , Fabio Vitale , Giovanni Zappella

Branch and bound methods which are based on the principle "divide and conquer" are a well established solution approach in single-objective integer programming. In multi-objective optimization branch and bound algorithms are increasingly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-08 Julius Bauß , Sophie N. Parragh , Michael Stiglmayr

There are many approaches for training decision trees. This work introduces a novel gradient-based method for constructing decision trees that optimize arbitrary differentiable loss functions, overcoming the limitations of heuristic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Andrei V. Konstantinov , Lev V. Utkin

The branch-and-bound algorithm based on decision diagrams introduced by Bergman et al. in 2016 is a framework for solving discrete optimization problems with a dynamic programming formulation. It works by compiling a series of bounded-width…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Vianney Coppé , Xavier Gillard , Pierre Schaus

Global optimization of decision trees has shown to be promising in terms of accuracy, size, and consequently human comprehensibility. However, many of the methods used rely on general-purpose solvers for which scalability remains an issue.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Jacobus G. M. van der Linden , Mathijs M. de Weerdt , Emir Demirović

Neural Networks and Decision Trees: two popular techniques for supervised learning that are seemingly disconnected in their formulation and optimization method, have recently been combined in a single construct. The connection pivots on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-27 Giuseppe Nuti , Lluís Antoni Jiménez Rugama , Kaspar Thommen

Branch and Bound (B&B) is the exact tree search method typically used to solve Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problems (MILPs). Learning branching policies for MILP has become an active research area, with most works proposing to imitate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Giulia Zarpellon , Jason Jo , Andrea Lodi , Yoshua Bengio

When trying to use quantum-enhanced methods for optimization problems, the sheer number of options inhibits its adoption by industrial end users. Expert knowledge is required for the formulation and encoding of the use case, the selection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Benedikt Poggel , Xiomara Runge , Adelina Bärligea , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

Model trees provide an appealing way to perform interpretable machine learning for both classification and regression problems. In contrast to ``classic'' decision trees with constant values in their leaves, model trees can use linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Sabino Francesco Roselli , Eibe Frank