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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in software development to generate functions, such as attack detectors, that implement security requirements. A key challenge is ensuring the LLMs have enough knowledge to address specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Samuele Pasini , Jinhan Kim , Tommaso Aiello , Rocio Cabrera Lozoya , Antonino Sabetta , Paolo Tonella

Software vulnerabilities, caused by unintentional flaws in source codes, are the main root cause of cyberattacks. Source code static analysis has been used extensively to detect the unintentional defects, i.e. vulnerabilities, introduced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Arash Mahyari

Large Language Models (LLMs) are intensively used to assist security analysts in counteracting the rapid exploitation of cyber threats, wherein LLMs offer cyber threat intelligence (CTI) to support vulnerability assessment and incident…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Luoxi Tang , Yuqiao Meng , Ankita Patra , Weicheng Ma , Muchao Ye , Zhaohan Xi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become central to numerous natural language processing tasks, but their vulnerabilities present significant security and ethical challenges. This systematic survey explores the evolving landscape of attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Zhiyu Liao , Kang Chen , Yuanguo Lin , Kangkang Li , Yunxuan Liu , Hefeng Chen , Xingwang Huang , Yuanhui Yu

There is an increasing trend to mine vulnerabilities from software repositories and use machine learning techniques to automatically detect software vulnerabilities. A fundamental but unresolved research question is: how do different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Esma Mouine , Yan Liu , Lu Xiao , Rick Kazman , Xiao Wang

The increasing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in safety-critical applications raises fundamental challenges in systematically evaluating robustness against adversarial behaviors. Existing red-teaming practices are largely manual…

Given the increased growing of Internet of Things networks and their presence in critical aspects of human activities, the security of devices connected to these networks becomes critical. Machine Learning approaches are becoming prominent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Jhon Alexánder Parra , Sergio Armando Gutiérrez , John Willian Branch

Detecting security vulnerabilities in software before they are exploited has been a challenging problem for decades. Traditional code analysis methods have been proposed, but are often ineffective and inefficient. In this work, we model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Noah Ziems , Shaoen Wu

In an era of escalating cyber threats, malware poses significant risks to individuals and organizations, potentially leading to data breaches, system failures, and substantial financial losses. This study addresses the urgent need for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Marzieh Esnaashari , Nima Moradi

This paper explores the pressing issue of risk assessment in Large Language Models (LLMs) as they become increasingly prevalent in various applications. Focusing on how reward models, which are designed to fine-tune pretrained LLMs to align…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Bahareh Harandizadeh , Abel Salinas , Fred Morstatter

As cyber attacks continue to increase in frequency and sophistication, detecting malware has become a critical task for maintaining the security of computer systems. Traditional signature-based methods of malware detection have limitations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Khatoon Mohammed

The lack of reliable sources of detailed information on the vulnerabilities of open-source software (OSS) components is a major obstacle to maintaining a secure software supply chain and an effective vulnerability management process.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Antonino Sabetta , Michele Bezzi

Machine learning models are currently being deployed in a variety of real-world applications where model predictions are used to make decisions about healthcare, bank loans, and numerous other critical tasks. As the deployment of artificial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Yuxin Ma , Tiankai Xie , Jundong Li , Ross Maciejewski

Machine learning models have made many decision support systems to be faster, more accurate, and more efficient. However, applications of machine learning in network security face a more disproportionate threat of active adversarial attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Olakunle Ibitoye , Rana Abou-Khamis , Mohamed el Shehaby , Ashraf Matrawy , M. Omair Shafiq

Proactive approaches to security, such as adversary emulation, leverage information about threat actors and their techniques (Cyber Threat Intelligence, CTI). However, most CTI still comes in unstructured forms (i.e., natural language),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Vittorio Orbinato , Mariarosaria Barbaraci , Roberto Natella , Domenico Cotroneo

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse sectors has marked a transformative era, showcasing remarkable capabilities in text generation and problem-solving tasks. However, this technological advancement is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Rahul Pankajakshan , Sumitra Biswal , Yuvaraj Govindarajulu , Gilad Gressel

Web applications continue to be a favorite target for hackers due to a combination of wide adoption and rapid deployment cycles, which often lead to the introduction of high impact vulnerabilities. Static analysis tools are important to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ibéria Medeiros , Nuno Neves , Miguel Correia

Malicious software is an integral part of cybercrime defense. Due to the growing number of malicious attacks and their target sources, detecting and preventing the attack becomes more challenging due to the assault's changing behavior. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Mohammad Aziz , Ali Saeed Alfoudi

Recent adversarial attack developments have made reinforcement learning more vulnerable, and different approaches exist to deploy attacks against it, where the key is how to choose the right timing of the attack. Some work tries to design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Yang Li , Quan Pan , Erik Cambria

Creating secure and resilient applications with large language models (LLM) requires anticipating, adjusting to, and countering unforeseen threats. Red-teaming has emerged as a critical technique for identifying vulnerabilities in…