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The Born rule, a foundational axiom used to deduce probabilities of events from wavefunctions, is indispensable in the everyday practice of quantum physics. It is also key in the quest to reconcile the ostensibly inconsistent laws of the…

We start to develop the quantization formalism in a hyperbolic Hilbert space. Generalizing Born's probability interpretation, we found that unitary transformations in such a Hilbert space represent a new class of transformations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei Khrennikov

This paper is concerned with the causally symmetric version of the familiar de Broglie-Bohm interpretation, this version allowing the spacelike nonlocality and the configuration space ontology of the original model to be avoided via the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-24 Roderick Sutherland

According to the Born rule, the probability density in quantum theory is determined by the square of the wave function. A generally accepted derivation of this rule has not yet been proposed. In the given work, a simple physical picture is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-19 S. S. Afonin

Probabilistic description of results of measurements and its consequences for understanding quantum mechanics are discussed. It is shown that the basic mathematical structure of quantum mechanics like the probability amplitudes, Born rule,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 L. Skala , V. Kapsa

We investigate deviations from Born's rule in quantum systems where the quantum-equilibrium hypothesis, $\rho \neq |\Psi|^2$, fails. Using the quantum-hydrodynamic framework, we show that transit-interference phenomena and intrinsic memory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-20 C. Dedes

I show how probabilities arise in quantum physics by exploring implications of {\it environment - assisted invariance} or {\it envariance}, a recently discovered symmetry exhibited by entangled quantum systems. Envariance of perfectly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 W. H. Zurek

Probabilistic description of results of measurements and its consequences for understanding quantum mechanics are discussed. It is shown that the basic mathematical structure of quantum mechanics like the probability amplitude, Born rule,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Skala , V. Kapsa

A new formulation of quantum mechanics is proposed based on a new principle that can be considered a generalization of the Born rule. The principle is composed of a mathematical expression and an associated interpretation, and establishes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-31 Bruno Galvan

Zurek's derivation of Born's rule using envariance (invariance due to entanglement) is considered to capture the probability in full generality, but only as applied to measurement of a quantum observable. Contrariwise, textbook formulations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-01 Fedor Herbut

I provide a simple derivation of the Born rule as giving a classical probability, that is, the ratio of the measure of favorable states of the system to the measure of its total possible states. In classical systems, the probability is due…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

We demonstrate the quantum probabilistic rule (which differ from classical Bayes' formula by the cosinus factor) can be obtained on purely classical basis as a consequence of the perturbation effect of preparation procedures. In any case…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei Khrennikov

We consider how to define a natural probability distribution over worlds within a simple class of deterministic many-worlds theories. This can help us understand the typical properties of worlds within such states, and hence explain the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Anthony J. Short

We provide frequency probabilistic analysis of perturbations of physical systems by preparation procedures. We obtained the classification of possible probabilistic transformations connecting input and output probabilities that can appear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei Khrennikov

In this work, we show that the quantum mechanical notions of density operator, positive operator-valued measure (POVM), and the Born rule, are all simultaneously encoded in the categorical notion of a natural transformation of functors. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Boyu Yang , James Fullwood

The predictions of quantum mechanics are probabilistic. Quantum probabilities are extracted using a postulate of the theory called the Born rule, the status of which is central to the "measurement problem" of quantum mechanics. Efforts to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-13 T. G. Philbin

By introducing the concepts of "superclassicality" and "relational causality", it is shown here that the velocity field emerging from an n-slit system can be calculated as an average classical velocity field with suitable weightings per…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-30 Gerhard Groessing , Siegfried Fussy , Johannes Mesa Pascasio , Herbert Schwabl

We formalize the hidden measurement approach within the very general notion of an interactive probability model. We narrow down the model by assuming the state space of a physical entity is a complex Hilbert space and introduce the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Aerts

Imposing the Born rule as a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics would require the existence of normalizable wave functions also for relativistic particles. Indeed, the Fourier transforms of normalized k-space amplitudes yield…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-19 Joshua G. Fenwick , Rainer Dick

The lack of superposition of different position states or the emergence of classicality in macroscopic systems have been a puzzle for decades. Classicality exists in every measuring apparatus, and is the key for understanding what can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-08 Pei Wang
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