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Equal-arm interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation allow phase measurements many orders of magnitude below the intrinsic phase stability of the laser injecting light into their arms. This is because the noise in the laser light…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-25 Massimo Tinto , Sanjeev V. Dhurandhar

The sensitivity of LISA depends on the suppression of several noise sources; dominant one is laser frequency noise. It has been shown that the six Doppler data streams obtained from three space-crafts can be appropriately time delayed and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Pai , K. Rajesh Nayak , S. V. Dhurandhar , J-Y. Vinet

TianQin is a proposed geocentric space-based gravitational wave observatory mission, which requires time-delay interferometry (TDI) to cancel laser frequency noise. With high demands for precision, solar-wind plasma environment at $\sim…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-26 Yi-De Jing , Lu Zheng , Shutao Yang , Xuefeng Zhang , Lingfeng Lu , Binbin Tang , Wei Su

Raw space-based gravitational-wave data like LISA's phase measurements are dominated by laser frequency noise. The standard technique to make this data usable for science is time-delay interferometry (TDI), which cancels laser noise terms…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-12 Quentin Baghi , John G. Baker , Jacob Slutsky , James Ira Thorpe

Laser frequency noise (LFN) is the dominant source of noise expected in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission, at $\sim$7 orders of magnitude greater than the typical signal expected from gravitational waves (GWs).…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-13 Jessica Page , Tyson Littenberg

We report on the first demonstration of time-delay interferometry (TDI) for LISA, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. TDI was implemented in a laboratory experiment designed to mimic the noise couplings that will occur in LISA. TDI…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-17 Glenn de Vine , Brent Ware , Kirk McKenzie , Robert E. Spero , William M. Klipstein , Daniel A. Shaddock

The success of LISA Pathfinder in demonstrating the LISA drag-free requirement paved the road of using space missions for detecting low-frequency and middle-frequency GWs. The new LISA GW mission proposes to use arm length of 2.5 Gm (1 Gm =…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-26 Gang Wang , Wei-Tou Ni

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is essential for space-based gravitational wave (GW) missions to effectively suppress laser frequency noise and achieve targeting sensitivity. The principle of the TDI is to synthesize multiple laser link…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-05 Gang Wang

In early 2024, ESA formally adopted the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) space mission with the aim of measuring gravitational waves emitted in the millihertz range. The constellation employs three spacecraft that exchange laser…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-15 Shivani Harer , Martin Staab , Hubert Halloin

Time delay interferometry (TDI) is a key technique employed in gravitational wave (GW) space missions to mitigate laser frequency noise by combining multiple laser links and establishing an equivalent equal arm interferometry. The null…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-10 Gang Wang

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. Laser frequency noise enters the interferometric measurements and dominates the expected…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-22 Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Marc Lilley , Antoine Petiteau , Hubert Halloin

By listening to gravity in the low frequency band, between 0.1 mHz and 1 Hz, the future space-based gravitational-wave observatory LISA will be able to detect tens of thousands of astrophysical sources from cosmic dawn to the present. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-24 Quentin Baghi , Ira Thorpe , Jacob Slutsky , John Baker , Tito Dal Canton , Natalia Korsakova , Nikos Karnesis

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. The three-spacecraft constellation forms a nearly-equilateral triangle, which experiences…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Olaf Hartwig , Jean-Baptiste Bayle

Space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatories, such as the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), employ synthetic Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) to cancel the otherwise overwhelming laser frequency noise. The phase readouts…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-11 Neil J. Cornish , Tyson Littenberg

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is being developed by ESA with NASA participation. As it has recently passed the Mission Adoption milestone, models of the instruments and noise performance are becoming more detailed,…

Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) is often utilized in the data pre-processing of space-based gravitational wave detectors, primarily for suppressing laser frequency noise. About twenty years ago, assuming armlengths remain constant over…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-08-30 Weisheng Huang , Pan-Pan Wang , Yu-Jie Tan , Cheng-Gang Shao

We introduce a generic algorithm to determine the time delays and spacecraft (S/C) positions to compose any time-delay interferometry (TDI) channel in the dynamical case and evaluate its sensitivity by using a full numerical method. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-30 Gang Wang , Wei-Tou Ni , Wen-Biao Han , Cong-Feng Qiao

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna is a joint ESA-NASA space-mission to detect and study mHz cosmic gravitational waves. The trajectories followed by its three spacecraft result in unequal- and time-varying arms, requiring use of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-29 Massimo Tinto , Olaf Hartwig

The proposed space-borne laser interferometric gravitational wave (GW) observatory TianQin adopts a geocentric orbit for its nearly equilateral triangular constellation formed by three identical drag-free satellites. The geocentric distance…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-02 Ming-Yue Zhou , Xin-Chun Hu , Bobing Ye , Shoucun Hu , Dong-Dong Zhu , Xuefeng Zhang , Wei Su , Yan Wang

We anticipate noise from the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will exhibit nonstationarities throughout the duration of its mission due to factors such as antenna repointing, cyclostationarities from spacecraft motion, and glitches…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-29 Matthew C. Edwards , Patricio Maturana-Russel , Renate Meyer , Jonathan Gair , Natalia Korsakova , Nelson Christensen