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Gaussian processes (GPs) have gained popularity as flexible machine learning models for regression and function approximation with an in-built method for uncertainty quantification. However, GPs suffer when the amount of training data is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-26 Jonas Latz , Aretha L. Teckentrup , Simon Urbainczyk

A Gaussian Process (GP) is a prominent mathematical framework for stochastic function approximation in science and engineering applications. This success is largely attributed to the GP's analytical tractability, robustness, non-parametric…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-19 Marcus M. Noack , Harinarayan Krishnan , Mark D. Risser , Kristofer G. Reyes

The Gaussian process (GP) is a widely used probabilistic machine learning method with implicit uncertainty characterization for stochastic function approximation, stochastic modeling, and analyzing real-world measurements of nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-14 Mark D. Risser , Marcus M. Noack , Hengrui Luo , Ronald Pandolfi

Training and inference in Gaussian processes (GPs) require solving linear systems with $n\times n$ kernel matrices. To address the prohibitive $\mathcal{O}(n^3)$ time complexity, recent work has employed fast iterative methods, like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Kaiwen Wu , Jonathan Wenger , Haydn Jones , Geoff Pleiss , Jacob R. Gardner

Gaussian processes (GPs) are an important tool in machine learning and statistics with applications ranging from social and natural science through engineering. They constitute a powerful kernelized non-parametric method with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-20 Manuel Schürch , Dario Azzimonti , Alessio Benavoli , Marco Zaffalon

Gaussian processes (GPs) are flexible non-parametric models, with a capacity that grows with the available data. However, computational constraints with standard inference procedures have limited exact GPs to problems with fewer than about…

Gaussian Processes (GPs) are powerful kernelized methods for non-parameteric regression used in many applications. However, their use is limited to a few thousand of training samples due to their cubic time complexity. In order to scale GPs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-20 Manuel Schürch , Dario Azzimonti , Alessio Benavoli , Marco Zaffalon

The application of Gaussian processes (GPs) to large data sets is limited due to heavy memory and computational requirements. A variety of methods has been proposed to enable scalability, one of which is to exploit structure in the kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Jan Graßhoff , Alexandra Jankowski , Philipp Rostalski

We propose a representation of Gaussian processes (GPs) based on powers of the integral operator defined by a kernel function, we call these stochastic processes integral Gaussian processes (IGPs). Sample paths from IGPs are functions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-08 Zilong Tan , Sayan Mukherjee

Despite a large corpus of recent work on scaling up Gaussian processes, a stubborn trade-off between computational speed, prediction and uncertainty quantification accuracy, and customizability persists. This is because the vast majority of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Marcus M. Noack , Mark D. Risser , Hengrui Luo , Vardaan Tekriwal , Ronald J. Pandolfi

Standard Gaussian Process (GP) regression, a powerful machine learning tool, is computationally expensive when it is applied to large datasets, and potentially inaccurate when data points are sparsely distributed in a high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-08 Z. Zhang , K. Duraisamy , N. A. Gumerov

Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a principled Bayesian framework for uncertainty estimation, but their computational complexity severely limits scalability to large datasets. We propose SIKA-GP, which accelerates GP inference using sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Wenyuan Zhao , Rui Tuo , Chao Tian

Gaussian processes are powerful models for probabilistic machine learning, but are limited in application by their $O(N^3)$ inference complexity. We propose a method for deriving parametric families of kernel functions with compact spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Jarred Barber

Gaussian Processes (GPs) are Bayesian models that provide uncertainty estimates associated to the predictions made. They are also very flexible due to their non-parametric nature. Nevertheless, GPs suffer from poor scalability as the number…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Bahram Jafrasteh , Carlos Villacampa-Calvo , Daniel Hernández-Lobato

Gaussian processes (GPs) are ubiquitous tools for modeling and predicting continuous processes in physical and engineering sciences. This is partly due to the fact that one may employ a Gaussian process as an interpolator while facilitating…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-16 D. Andrew Brown , Peter Kiessler , John Nicholson

We introduce new Gaussian Process (GP) high-order approximations to linear operations that are frequently used in various numerical methods. Our method employs the kernel-based GP regression modeling, a non-parametric Bayesian approach to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Christopher DeGrendele , Dongwook Lee

Gaussian processes (GP) are Bayesian non-parametric models that are widely used for probabilistic regression. Unfortunately, it cannot scale well with large data nor perform real-time predictions due to its cubic time cost in the data size.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Jie Chen , Nannan Cao , Kian Hsiang Low , Ruofei Ouyang , Colin Keng-Yan Tan , Patrick Jaillet

Gaussian processes (GP) are Bayesian non-parametric models that are widely used for probabilistic regression. Unfortunately, it cannot scale well with large data nor perform real-time predictions due to its cubic time cost in the data size.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-05-27 Jie Chen , Nannan Cao , Kian Hsiang Low , Ruofei Ouyang , Colin Keng-Yan Tan , Patrick Jaillet

The kernel function and its hyperparameters are the central model selection choice in a Gaussian proces (Rasmussen and Williams, 2006). Typically, the hyperparameters of the kernel are chosen by maximising the marginal likelihood, an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-07 Vidhi Lalchand , Wessel P. Bruinsma , David R. Burt , Carl E. Rasmussen

The Gaussian process (GP) regression can be severely biased when the data are contaminated by outliers. This paper presents a new robust GP regression algorithm that iteratively trims the most extreme data points. While the new algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Zhao-Zhou Li , Lu Li , Zhengyi Shao
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