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The creation and destruction of agents in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a critically under-explored area of research. Current MARL algorithms often assume that the number of agents within a group remains fixed…

Advances in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) enable sequential decision making for a range of exciting multi-agent applications such as cooperative AI and autonomous driving. Explaining agent decisions is crucial for improving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Kayla Boggess , Sarit Kraus , Lu Feng

Safety and scalability are two critical challenges faced by practical Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, existing Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms that rely solely on reward shaping are ineffective in ensuring safety,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Haikuo Du , Fandi Gou , Yunze Cai

Credit assignmen, disentangling each agent's contribution to a shared reward, is a critical challenge in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). To be effective, credit assignment methods must preserve the environment's…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Aditya Kapoor , Kale-ab Tessera , Mayank Baranwal , Harshad Khadilkar , Jan Peters , Stefano Albrecht , Mingfei Sun

Reinforcement learning has driven impressive advances in machine learning. Simultaneously, quantum-enhanced machine learning algorithms using quantum annealing underlie heavy developments. Recently, a multi-agent reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Tobias Müller , Christoph Roch , Kyrill Schmid , Philipp Altmann

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning have made significant impacts across various domains, yet they often struggle in complex multi-agent environments due to issues like algorithm instability, low sampling efficiency, and the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Cheng Xu , Changtian Zhang , Yuchen Shi , Ran Wang , Shihong Duan , Yadong Wan , Xiaotong Zhang

A challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is minimizing the cost of sampling associated with exploration. Distributed exploration reduces sampling complexity in multi-agent RL (MARL). We investigate the benefits to performance in MARL when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Justin Lidard , Udari Madhushani , Naomi Ehrich Leonard

Currently, deep reinforcement learning (RL) shows impressive results in complex gaming and robotic environments. Often these results are achieved at the expense of huge computational costs and require an incredible number of episodes of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Alexey Skrynnik , Aleksey Staroverov , Ermek Aitygulov , Kirill Aksenov , Vasilii Davydov , Aleksandr I. Panov

Significant advances have recently been achieved in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) which tackles sequential decision-making problems involving multiple participants. However, MARL requires a tremendous number of samples for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Xihuai Wang , Zhicheng Zhang , Weinan Zhang

This paper considers multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) tasks where agents receive a shared global reward at the end of an episode. The delayed nature of this reward affects the ability of the agents to assess the quality of their…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Baicen Xiao , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran

Communication is essential for the collective execution of complex tasks by human agents, motivating interest in communication mechanisms for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). However, existing communication protocols in MARL are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Maciej Wojtala , Bogusz Stefańczyk , Dominik Bogucki , Łukasz Lepak , Jakub Strykowski , Paweł Wawrzyński

Large sequence model (SM) such as GPT series and BERT has displayed outstanding performance and generalization capabilities on vision, language, and recently reinforcement learning tasks. A natural follow-up question is how to abstract…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Muning Wen , Jakub Grudzien Kuba , Runji Lin , Weinan Zhang , Ying Wen , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) problems often require cooperation among agents in order to solve a task. Centralization and decentralization are two approaches used for cooperation in MARL. While fully decentralized methods are…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Bengisu Guresti , Nazim Kemal Ure

Real-time dynamic scheduling is a crucial but notoriously challenging task in modern manufacturing processes due to its high decision complexity. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has been gaining attention as an impactful technique to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Jaeyeon Jang , Diego Klabjan , Han Liu , Nital S. Patel , Xiuqi Li , Balakrishnan Ananthanarayanan , Husam Dauod , Tzung-Han Juang

The StarCraft II Multi-Agent Challenge (SMAC) was created to be a challenging benchmark problem for cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). SMAC focuses exclusively on the problem of StarCraft micromanagement and assumes that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Muhammad Junaid Khan , Syed Hammad Ahmed , Gita Sukthankar

The role concept provides a useful tool to design and understand complex multi-agent systems, which allows agents with a similar role to share similar behaviors. However, existing role-based methods use prior domain knowledge and predefine…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Tonghan Wang , Heng Dong , Victor Lesser , Chongjie Zhang

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), effective exploration is critical, especially in sparse reward environments. Although introducing global intrinsic rewards can foster exploration in such settings, it often complicates credit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Xinran Li , Zifan Liu , Shibo Chen , Jun Zhang

We develop a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) method to learn scalable control policies for target tracking. Our method can handle an arbitrary number of pursuers and targets; we show results for tasks consisting up to 1000…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Christopher D. Hsu , Heejin Jeong , George J. Pappas , Pratik Chaudhari

Large Language Model-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown remarkable progress in solving complex tasks through collaborative reasoning and inter-agent critique. However, existing approaches typically treat each task in isolation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yilong Li , Chen Qian , Yu Xia , Ruijie Shi , Yufan Dang , Zihao Xie , Ziming You , Weize Chen , Cheng Yang , Weichuan Liu , Ye Tian , Xuantang Xiong , Lei Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Multi-Agent Experience Replay (MER) is a key component of off-policy reinforcement learning~(RL) algorithms. By remembering and reusing experiences from the past, experience replay significantly improves the stability of RL algorithms and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Kailash Gogineni , Yongsheng Mei , Peng Wei , Tian Lan , Guru Venkataramani