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Generative language models (LMs) are increasingly used for document class-prediction tasks and promise enormous improvements in cost and efficiency. Existing research often examines simple classification tasks, but the capability of LMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Rosamond Thalken , Edward H. Stiglitz , David Mimno , Matthew Wilkens

Learner corpus collects language data produced by L2 learners, that is second or foreign-language learners. This resource is of great relevance for second language acquisition research, foreign-language teaching, and automatic grammatical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Yingying Wang , Cunliang Kong , Liner Yang , Yijun Wang , Xiaorong Lu , Renfen Hu , Shan He , Zhenghao Liu , Yun Chen , Erhong Yang , Maosong Sun

Several recent papers claim human parity at sentence-level Machine Translation (MT), especially in high-resource languages. Thus, in response, the MT community has, in part, shifted its focus to document-level translation. Translating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Tianyu Liu , Shuming Ma , Dongdong Zhang , Mrinmaya Sachan , Ryan Cotterell

This article presents the application of the Universal Named Entity framework to generate automatically annotated corpora. By using a workflow that extracts Wikipedia data and meta-data and DBpedia information, we generated an English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Diego Alves , Gaurish Thakkar , Marko Tadić

As text generated by large language models proliferates, it becomes vital to understand how humans engage with such text, and whether or not they are able to detect when the text they are reading did not originate with a human writer. Prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Liam Dugan , Daphne Ippolito , Arun Kirubarajan , Sherry Shi , Chris Callison-Burch

A lot of real-world phenomena are complex and cannot be captured by single task annotations. This causes a need for subsequent annotations, with interdependent questions and answers describing the nature of the subject at hand. Even in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Moritz Wolf , Dana Ruiter , Ashwin Geet D'Sa , Liane Reiners , Jan Alexandersson , Dietrich Klakow

In machine learning, "ground truth" refers to the assumed correct labels used to train and evaluate models. However, the foundational "ground truth" paradigm rests on a positivistic fallacy that treats human disagreement as technical noise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Sheza Munir , Benjamin Mah , Krisha Kalsi , Shivani Kapania , Julian Posada , Edith Law , Ding Wang , Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed

In this paper, we present a semi-automated framework called AMUSED for gathering multi-modal annotated data from the multiple social media platforms. The framework is designed to mitigate the issues of collecting and annotating social media…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Gautam Kishore Shahi

Topic model and document-clustering evaluations either use automated metrics that align poorly with human preferences or require expert labels that are intractable to scale. We design a scalable human evaluation protocol and a corresponding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Alexander Hoyle , Lorena Calvo-Bartolomé , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Philip Resnik

Taaable is a case-based reasoning system that adapts cooking recipes to user constraints. Within it, the preparation part of recipes is formalised as a graph. This graph is a semantic representation of the sequence of instructions composing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-09-26 Valmi Dufour-Lussier , Florence Le Ber , Jean Lieber , Thomas Meilender , Emmanuel Nauer

Identifying controversial posts on social media is a fundamental task for mining public sentiment, assessing the influence of events, and alleviating the polarized views. However, existing methods fail to 1) effectively incorporate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Lei Zhong , Juan Cao , Qiang Sheng , Junbo Guo , Ziang Wang

The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning. The perspective of Semantic Web is to promote the quality and intelligence of the current web by changing its contents into machine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-08-06 Hamed Hassanzadeh , MohammadReza Keyvanpour

Although WordNet is a valuable resource because of its structured semantic networks and extensive vocabulary, its fine-grained sense distinctions can be challenging for second-language learners. To address this issue, we developed a version…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Masato Kikuchi , Masatsugu Ono , Toshioki Soga , Tetsu Tanabe , Tadachika Ozono

In affective computing, datasets often contain multiple annotations from different annotators, which may lack full agreement. Typically, these annotations are merged into a single gold standard label, potentially losing valuable inter-rater…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ibrahim Shoer , Engin Erzin

The Annotation Graph Toolkit (AGTK) is a collection of software which facilitates development of linguistic annotation tools. AGTK provides a database interface which allows applications to use a database server for persistent storage. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Xiaoyi Ma , Haejoong Lee , Steven Bird , Kazuaki Maeda

This workshop is the fourth issue of a series of workshops on automatic extraction of socio-political events from news, organized by the Emerging Market Welfare Project, with the support of the Joint Research Centre of the European…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Ali Hürriyetoğlu , Hristo Tanev , Vanni Zavarella , Jakub Piskorski , Reyyan Yeniterzi , Erdem Yörük

Appraisal theories explain how the cognitive evaluation of an event leads to a particular emotion. In contrast to theories of basic emotions or affect (valence/arousal), this theory has not received a lot of attention in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Jan Hofmann , Enrica Troiano , Roman Klinger

The use of propaganda has spiked on mainstream and social media, aiming to manipulate or mislead users. While efforts to automatically detect propaganda techniques in textual, visual, or multimodal content have increased, most of them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Maram Hasanain , Fatema Ahmed , Firoj Alam

Sentiment analysis is often a crowdsourcing task prone to subjective labels given by many annotators. It is not yet fully understood how the annotation bias of each annotator can be modeled correctly with state-of-the-art methods. However,…

With a strong motivational background in search engine optimization the amount of structured data on the web is growing rapidly. The main search engine providers are promising great increase in visibility through annotation of the web…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Elias Kärle , Dieter Fensel