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Supply chains are increasingly targeted by threat actors. Using a recent taxonomy, we contrast the diverse levels of detail given by national authorities. The threat is commonly acknowledged, but guidance is disjointed. NIST SP 800-161…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Colin Topping , Ola Michalec , Awais Rashid

Provenance analysis based on system audit data has emerged as a fundamental approach for investigating Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks. Due to the high concealment and long-term persistence of APT attacks, they are only represented…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Qi Sheng

We propose a new method to quantify the impact of cyber attacks in Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs). In particular, our method allows to identify the Design Parameter (DPs) affected due to a cyber attack launched on a different set of DPs in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Rajib Ranjan Maiti , Sridhar Adepu , Emil Lupu

Complex interconnections between information technology and digital control systems have significantly increased cybersecurity vulnerabilities in smart grids. Cyberattacks involving data integrity can be very disruptive because of their…

Applications · Statistics 2023-04-18 Dan Li , Nagi Gebraeel , Kamran Paynabar , A. P. Sakis Meliopoulos

We present a novel approach to identify ransomware campaigns derived from attack timelines representations within victim networks. Malicious activity profiles developed from multiple alert sources support the construction of alert graphs.…

In the past years, industrial networks have become increasingly interconnected and opened to private or public networks. This leads to an increase in efficiency and manageability, but also increases the attack surface. Industrial networks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Simon D. Duque Anton , Alexander Hafner , Hans Dieter Schotten

Selecting the optimal set of countermeasures is a challenging task that involves various considerations and tradeoffs such as prioritizing the risks to mitigate and costs. The vast majority of studies for selecting a countermeasure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Orly Stan , Ron Bitton , Michal Ezrets , Moran Dadon , Masaki Inokuchi , Yoshinobu Ohta , Tomohiko Yagyu , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

The concept of k-core in complex networks plays a key role in many applications, e.g., understanding the global structure, or identifying central/critical nodes, of a network. A malicious attacker with jamming ability can exploit the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Bo Zhou , Yuqian Lv , Jinhuan Wang , Jian Zhang , Qi Xuan

One intriguing property of deep neural networks (DNNs) is their inherent vulnerability to backdoor attacks -- a trojan model responds to trigger-embedded inputs in a highly predictable manner while functioning normally otherwise. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Zhaohan Xi , Ren Pang , Shouling Ji , Ting Wang

Organizations employ various adversary models in order to assess the risk and potential impact of attacks on their networks. Attack graphs represent vulnerabilities and actions an attacker can take to identify and compromise an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-12 David Tayouri , Nick Baum , Asaf Shabtai , Rami Puzis

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved promising results in various tasks such as node classification and graph classification. Recent studies find that GNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, effective backdoor attacks on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Enyan Dai , Minhua Lin , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Graph adversarial attacks are usually produced from the two perspectives of topology/structure and node feature, both of them represent the paramount characteristics learned by today's deep learning models. Although some defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Xinxin Fan , Wenxiong Chen , Quanliang Jing , Chi Lin , Shaoye Luo , Wenbo Song , Yunfeng Lu

This paper explores the evolving dynamics of cybersecurity in the age of advanced AI, from the perspective of the introduced Human Layer Kill Chain framework. As traditional attack models like Lockheed Martin's Cyber Kill Chain become…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Vasilis Katos , Emily Rosenorn-Lanng , Jane Henriksen-Bulmer , Ala Yankouskaya

Detection of malicious activities in corporate environments is a very complex task and much effort has been invested into research of its automation. However, vast majority of existing methods operate only in a narrow scope which limits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Jan Kohout , Čeněk Škarda , Kyrylo Shcherbin , Martin Kopp , Jan Brabec

In this paper, we present a study that proposes a three-stage classifier model which employs a machine learning algorithm to develop an intrusion detection and identification system for tens of different types of attacks against industrial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Ahsan Al Zaki Khan , Gursel Serpen

Attack trees are a popular way to represent and evaluate potential security threats on systems or infrastructures. The goal of this work is to provide a framework allowing to express and check whether an attack tree is consistent with the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-12 Maxime Audinot , Sophie Pinchinat , Barbara Kordy

Modern industrial systems face a growing threat from sophisticated cyberattacks that can cause significant operational disruptions. This work presents a novel methodology for identification of the most critical cyberattacks that may disrupt…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-31 Bruno Paes Leao , Jagannadh Vempati , Siddharth Bhela , Tobias Ahlgrim , Daniel Arnold

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown remarkable performance in various tasks. However, recent works reveal that GNNs are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Generally, backdoor attack poisons the graph by attaching backdoor triggers and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Zhiwei Zhang , Minhua Lin , Enyan Dai , Suhang Wang

Graph-based assessment formalisms have proven to be useful in the safety, dependability, and security communities to help stakeholders manage risk and maintain appropriate documentation throughout the system lifecycle. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-05-30 Nils Ole Tippenhauer , William G. Temple , An Hoa Vu , Binbin Chen , David M. Nicol , Zbigniew Kalbarczyk , William H. Sanders

Critical infrastructures integrate a wide range of smart technologies and become highly connected to the cyber world. This is especially true for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), which integrate hardware and software components. Despite the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Romain Dagnas , Michel Barbeau , Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro , Reda Yaich