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"Quantitative languages are extension of boolean languages that assign to each word a real number. Mean-payoff automata are finite automata with numerical weights on transitions that assign to each infinite path the long-run average of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-05-20 Yaron Velner

Formal languages over infinite alphabets serve as abstractions of structures and processes carrying data. Automata models over infinite alphabets, such as classical register automata or, equivalently, nominal orbit-finite automata, tend to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Florian Frank , Daniel Hausmann , Stefan Milius , Lutz Schröder , Henning Urbat

In this paper we consider the problem of binary hypothesis testing with finite memory systems. Let $X_1,X_2,\ldots$ be a sequence of independent identically distributed Bernoulli random variables, with expectation $p$ under $\mathcal{H}_0$…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Tomer Berg , Ofer Shayevitz , Or Ordentlich

We consider the problem of learning a binary classifier from a training set of positive and unlabeled examples, both in the inductive and in the transductive setting. This problem, often referred to as \emph{PU learning}, differs from the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-10-06 Fantine Mordelet , Jean-Philippe Vert

Meta-learning usually refers to a learning algorithm that learns from other learning algorithms. The problem of uncertainty in the predictions of neural networks shows that the world is only partially predictable and a learned neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Yuwei Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on formal language tasks, yet whether this reflects genuine symbolic reasoning or pattern matching on familiar constructions remains unclear. We introduce a benchmark for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shlok Shelat , Jay Raval , Souvik Roy , Manas Gaur

We develop a complexity theory for approximate real computations. We first produce a theory for exact computations but with condition numbers. The input size depends on a condition number, which is not assumed known by the machine. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Gregorio Malajovich , Mike Shub

Weakly recognizing morphisms from free semigroups onto finite semigroups are a classical way for defining the class of omega-regular languages, i.e., a set of infinite words is weakly recognizable by such a morphism if and only if it is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-28 Lukas Fleischer , Manfred Kufleitner

Nondeterministic automata may be viewed as succinct programs implementing deterministic automata, i.e. complete specifications. Converting a given deterministic automaton into a small nondeterministic one is known to be computationally very…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Robert Samuel Ralph Myers , Henning Urbat

It is generally well agreed that developing a unifying theory is one of the most important issues in Data Mining research. In the last two decades, a great deal of work has been devoted to the algorithmic aspects of the Frequent Itemset…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Slimane Oulad-Naoui , Hadda Cherroun , Djelloul Ziadi

In binary classification, Learning from Positive and Unlabeled data (LePU) is semi-supervised learning but with labeled elements from only one class. Most of the research on LePU relies on some form of independence between the selection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Naji Shajarisales , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

Mistakes in binary conditions are a source of error in many software systems. They happen when developers use, e.g., < or > instead of <= or >=. These boundary mistakes are hard to find and impose manual, labor-intensive work for software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Hendrig Sellik , Onno van Paridon , Georgios Gousios , Maurício Aniche

A deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is composite if its language can be decomposed into an intersection of languages of smaller DFAs. Otherwise, A is prime. This notion of primality was introduced by Kupferman and Mosheiff in 2013, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Ismaël Jecker , Nicolas Mazzocchi , Petra Wolf

Standard language model training employs gold human documents or human-human interaction data, and treats all training data as positive examples. Growing evidence shows that even with very large amounts of positive training data, issues…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Leonard Adolphs , Tianyu Gao , Jing Xu , Kurt Shuster , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Jason Weston

We study the extent to which standard machine learning algorithms rely on exchangeability and independence of data by introducing a monotone adversarial corruption model. In this model, an adversary, upon looking at a "clean" i.i.d.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kasper Green Larsen , Chirag Pabbaraju , Abhishek Shetty

Practical natural language processing (NLP) tasks are commonly long-tailed with noisy labels. Those problems challenge the generalization and robustness of complex models such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Some commonly used resampling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Sunyi Chi , Bo Dong , Yiming Xu , Zhenyu Shi , Zheng Du

Recent research demonstrated that training large language models involves memorization of a significant fraction of training data. Such memorization can lead to privacy violations when training on sensitive user data and thus motivates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Vitaly Feldman , Guy Kornowski , Xin Lyu

Positive-unlabeled (PU) learning trains a binary classifier using only positive and unlabeled data. A common simplifying assumption is that the positive data is representative of the target positive class. This assumption rarely holds in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Zayd Hammoudeh , Daniel Lowd

Modern neural language models that are widely used in various NLP tasks risk memorizing sensitive information from their training data. Understanding this memorization is important in real world applications and also from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Chiyuan Zhang , Daphne Ippolito , Katherine Lee , Matthew Jagielski , Florian Tramèr , Nicholas Carlini

In this paper we study a subclass of pebble automata (PA) for data languages for which the emptiness problem is decidable. Namely, we introduce the so-called top view weak PA. Roughly speaking, top view weak PA are weak PA where the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-14 Tony Tan