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Thanks to advancements in deep learning, speech generation systems now power a variety of real-world applications, such as text-to-speech for individuals with speech disorders, voice chatbots in call centers, cross-linguistic speech…

With the growth of social media, the spread of hate speech is also increasing rapidly. Social media are widely used in many countries. Also Hate Speech is spreading in these countries. This brings a need for multilingual Hate Speech…

Offensive language such as hate, abuse, and profanity (HAP) occurs in various content on the web. While previous work has mostly dealt with sentence level annotations, there have been a few recent attempts to identify offensive spans as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Christoph Tillmann , Aashka Trivedi , Sara Rosenthal , Santosh Borse , Rong Zhang , Avirup Sil , Bishwaranjan Bhattacharjee

Language changes over time, including in the hate speech domain, which evolves quickly following social dynamics and cultural shifts. While NLP research has investigated the impact of language evolution on model training and has proposed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chiara Di Bonaventura , Barbara McGillivray , Yulan He , Albert Meroño-Peñuela

Hateful memes have become a significant concern on the Internet, necessitating robust automated detection systems. While Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have shown promise in hateful meme detection, they face notable challenges like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingbiao Mei , Jinghong Chen , Guangyu Yang , Weizhe Lin , Bill Byrne

Accurate detection and classification of online hate is a difficult task. Implicit hate is particularly challenging as such content tends to have unusual syntax, polysemic words, and fewer markers of prejudice (e.g., slurs). This problem is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Austin Botelho , Bertie Vidgen , Scott A. Hale

Hateful meme detection presents a significant challenge as a multimodal task due to the complexity of interpreting implicit hate messages and contextual cues within memes. Previous approaches have fine-tuned pre-trained vision-language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ming Shan Hee , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Implicit hate speech detection is challenging due to its subtlety and reliance on contextual interpretation rather than explicit offensive words. Current approaches rely on contrastive learning, which are shown to be effective on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yejin Lee , Joonghyuk Hahn , Hyeseon Ahn , Yo-Sub Han

The extensive rise in consumption of online social media (OSMs) by a large number of people poses a critical problem of curbing the spread of hateful content on these platforms. With the growing usage of OSMs in multiple languages, the task…

Commonsense reasoning research has so far been limited to English. We aim to evaluate and improve popular multilingual language models (ML-LMs) to help advance commonsense reasoning (CSR) beyond English. We collect the Mickey Corpus,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Bill Yuchen Lin , Seyeon Lee , Xiaoyang Qiao , Xiang Ren

In hate speech detection, developing training and evaluation datasets across various domains is the critical issue. Whereas, major approaches crawl social media texts and hire crowd-workers to annotate the data. Following this convention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Kichang Yang , Wonjun Jang , Won Ik Cho

Hateful memes are an emerging method of spreading hate on the internet, relying on both images and text to convey a hateful message. We take an interpretable approach to hateful meme detection, using machine learning and simple heuristics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Tanvi Deshpande , Nitya Mani

In recent years, we observe an increasing amount of software with machine learning components being deployed. This poses the question of quality assurance for such components: how can we validate whether specified requirements are fulfilled…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Arnab Sharma , Caglar Demir , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo , Heike Wehrheim

We introduce HATELEXICON, a lexicon of slurs and targets of hate speech for the countries of Brazil, Germany, India and Kenya, to aid training and interpretability of models. We demonstrate how our lexicon can be used to interpret model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Antonis Maronikolakis , Abdullatif Köksal , Hinrich Schütze

Hate speech is a widespread and harmful form of online discourse, encompassing slurs and defamatory posts that can have serious social, psychological, and sometimes physical impacts on targeted individuals and communities. As social media…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Santosh Chapagain , Shah Muhammad Hamdi , Soukaina Filali Boubrahimi

Recent advancements in hate speech detection (HSD) in Vietnamese have made significant progress, primarily attributed to the emergence of transformer-based pre-trained language models, particularly those built on the BERT architecture.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Luan Thanh Nguyen

We present the Multi-Modal Discussion Transformer (mDT), a novel methodfor detecting hate speech in online social networks such as Reddit discussions. In contrast to traditional comment-only methods, our approach to labelling a comment as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Liam Hebert , Gaurav Sahu , Yuxuan Guo , Nanda Kishore Sreenivas , Lukasz Golab , Robin Cohen

While large language models (LLMs) have increasingly been applied to hate speech detoxification, the prompts often trigger safety alerts, causing LLMs to refuse the task. In this study, we systematically investigate false refusal behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Kyuri Im , Shuzhou Yuan , Michael Färber

This paper reports an increment to the state-of-the-art in hate speech detection for English-Hindi code-mixed tweets. We compare three typical deep learning models using domain-specific embeddings. On experimenting with a benchmark dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Satyajit Kamble , Aditya Joshi

This work proposes a contextualised detection framework for implicitly hateful speech, implemented as a multi-agent system comprising a central Moderator Agent and dynamically constructed Community Agents representing specific demographic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Ewelina Gajewska , Katarzyna Budzynska , Jarosław A Chudziak
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