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Navigating large-scale outdoor environments requires complex reasoning in terms of geometric structures, environmental semantics, and terrain characteristics, which are typically captured by onboard sensors such as LiDAR and cameras. While…

In this paper, we review the state of the art in Out-of-Distribution (OoD) segmentation, with a focus on road obstacle detection in automated driving as a real-world application. We analyse the performance of existing methods on two widely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Youssef Shoeb , Azarm Nowzad , Hanno Gottschalk

LiDAR-based 3D detection plays a vital role in autonomous navigation. Surprisingly, although autonomous vehicles (AVs) must detect both near-field objects (for collision avoidance) and far-field objects (for longer-term planning),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Neehar Peri , Mengtian Li , Benjamin Wilson , Yu-Xiong Wang , James Hays , Deva Ramanan

3D object detection is a core perceptual challenge for robotics and autonomous driving. However, the class-taxonomies in modern autonomous driving datasets are significantly smaller than many influential 2D detection datasets. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Benjamin Wilson , Zsolt Kira , James Hays

Few-shot learning is a problem of high interest in the evolution of deep learning. In this work, we consider the problem of few-shot object detection (FSOD) in a real-world, class-imbalanced scenario. For our experiments, we utilize the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Anay Majee , Kshitij Agrawal , Anbumani Subramanian

Autonomous driving systems are highly dependent on sensors like cameras, LiDAR, and inertial measurement units (IMU) to perceive the environment and estimate their motion. Among these sensors, perception-based sensors are not protected from…

Semantic scene understanding is important for various applications. In particular, self-driving cars need a fine-grained understanding of the surfaces and objects in their vicinity. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) provides precise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Jens Behley , Martin Garbade , Andres Milioto , Jan Quenzel , Sven Behnke , Cyrill Stachniss , Juergen Gall

Open-Set Object Detection (OSOD) is crucial for autonomous driving, where perception systems must recognize and localize both known and previously unseen objects in complex, dynamic environments. While recent approaches deliver promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yuchen Zhang , Yao Lu , Johannes Betz

Data-intensive machine learning based techniques increasingly play a prominent role in the development of future mobility solutions - from driver assistance and automation functions in vehicles, to real-time traffic management systems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Christian Creß , Walter Zimmer , Leah Strand , Venkatnarayanan Lakshminarasimhan , Maximilian Fortkord , Siyi Dai , Alois Knoll

Reliable terrain perception is a fundamental requirement for autonomous navigation in unstructured, off-road environments. Desert landscapes present unique challenges due to low chromatic contrast between terrain categories, extreme…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yasaswini Chebolu

Autonomous vehicles use cameras as one of the primary sources of information about the environment. Adverse weather conditions such as raindrops, snow, mud, and others, can lead to various image artifacts. Such artifacts significantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Vera Soboleva , Oleg Shipitko

Interconnected road lanes are a central concept for navigating urban roads. Currently, most autonomous vehicles rely on preconstructed lane maps as designing an algorithmic model is difficult. However, the generation and maintenance of such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Robin Karlsson , David Robert Wong , Simon Thompson , Kazuya Takeda

Freespace detection is an essential component of visual perception for self-driving cars. The recent efforts made in data-fusion convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have significantly improved semantic driving scene segmentation. Freespace…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Rui Fan , Hengli Wang , Peide Cai , Ming Liu

Road maintenance during the Winter season is a safety critical and resource demanding operation. One of its key activities is determining road surface condition (RSC) in order to prioritize roads and allocate cleaning efforts such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Juan Carrillo , Mark Crowley , Guangyuan Pan , Liping Fu

Autonomous driving has now made great strides thanks to artificial intelligence, and numerous advanced methods have been proposed for vehicle end target detection, including single sensor or multi sensor detection methods. However, the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Xiuyu Yang , Zhuangyan Zhang , Haikuo Du , Sui Yang , Fengping Sun , Yanbo Liu , Ling Pei , Wenchao Xu , Weiqi Sun , Zhengyu Li

Autonomous driving systems require many images for analyzing the surrounding environment. However, there is fewer data protection for private information among these captured images, such as pedestrian faces or vehicle license plates, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Zizhang Wu , Chenxin Yuan , Hongyang Wei , Fan Song , Tianhao Xu

Efficient and effective Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the safe deployment of AI systems. Existing feature space methods, while effective, often incur significant computational overhead due to their reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Litian Liu , Yao Qin

Through connecting intelligent vehicles as well as the roadside infrastructure, the perception range of vehicles can be significantly extended, and hidden objects at blind spots can be efficiently detected and avoided. To realize this,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Ivan Wang-Hei Ho , Sid Chi-Kin Chau , Elmer R. Magsino , Kanghao Jia

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a task that detects OOD samples during inference to ensure the safety of deployed models. However, conventional benchmarks have reached performance saturation, making it difficult to compare recent OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shiho Noda , Atsuyuki Miyai , Qing Yu , Go Irie , Kiyoharu Aizawa

Snow is one of the toughest adverse weather conditions for object detection (OD). Currently, not only there is a lack of snowy OD datasets to train cutting-edge detectors, but also these detectors have difficulties learning latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Qiqi Ding , Peng Li , Xuefeng Yan , Ding Shi , Luming Liang , Weiming Wang , Haoran Xie , Jonathan Li , Mingqiang Wei