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A rigorous semi-analytical Floquet analysis is proposed for a zero-thickness space-time modulated Huygens' metasurface to model and determine the strengths of the new harmonic components of the scattered fields. The proposed method is based…

Optics · Physics 2021-11-10 Ville Tiukuvaara , Tom J. Smy , Shulabh Gupta

Temporal metamaterials, created by modulating the refractive index in time, offer powerful means of controlling wave propagation but still lack a systematic design methodology. Here, we develop an analytic inverse-design framework rooted in…

We present a general framework for the homogenisation theory of space-time metamaterials. By mapping to a frame co-moving with the space-time modulation, we derive analytical formulae for the effective material parameters for travelling…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Paloma Arroyo Huidobro , Mario G. Silveirinha , Emanuele Galiffi , J. B. Pendry

When coherent light interacts with an ordered lattice whose periodicity is comparable to its wavelength, constructive interference produces a diffraction pattern as in crystallography, where x-rays are employed to reveal atomic structures.…

Photonic time crystals are electromagnetic media with periodically time-varying parameters, enabling momentum band gaps, parametric amplification, and frequency conversion beyond what is possible in time-invariant systems. So far, they have…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-15 Z. Li , M. S. Mirmoosa , V. Asadchy , X. Wang

We develop a theoretical framework for time-modulated acoustic metasurfaces comprising a line array of modulated cavities, and show that bound acoustic surface waves can undergo temporal diffraction from bound states localised at an…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 E. Paul , G. J. Chaplain , J. Li , T. A. Starkey , S. A. R. Horsley

The recently proposed concept of metagrating enables wavefront manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves with unitary efficiency and relatively simple fabrication requirements. Herein, two-dimensional (2D) metagratings composed of a 2D…

Classical Physics · Physics 2022-04-13 Mahdi Rahmanzadeh , Amin Khavasi

Manipulation of wave-matter interactions in systems with loss and gain have opened new mechanisms to control wave propagation at will. Metamaterials and metasurfaces having spatially inhomogeneous loss and gain have been studied in the past…

Optics · Physics 2021-08-03 Victor Pacheco-Peña , Nader Engheta

Space-time varying media enable unprecedented control over electromagnetic waves, yet most existing studies assume idealized, nondispersive materials and thus fail to capture the intrinsic frequency dispersion of realistic platforms. Here,…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-16 Klaas De Kinder , Christophe Caloz

A rigorous Floquet mode analysis is proposed for a zero thickness space-time modulated Huygens' metasurface to model and determine the strengths of the new harmonic components of the scattered fields. The proposed method is based on…

Optics · Physics 2017-01-20 Shulabh Gupta , Tom. J. Smy , Scott A. Stewart

Time-varying media have recently emerged as a new paradigm for wave manipulation, thanks to thesynergy between the discovery of novel, highly nonlinear materials, such as epsilon-near-zero materials, and the questfor novel wave…

Temporal metamaterials have been recently exploited as a novel platform for conceiving several electromagnetic and optical devices based on the anomalous scattering response arising at a single or multiple sudden changes of the material…

This paper presents an analytical framework, based on Floquet modal expansions of the electromagnetic fields and equivalent circuits, to model reconfigurable metasurfaces loaded with generic lumped elements (resistors, capacitors,…

We develop the theory of acoustic wave propagation in a waveguide containing an array of time modulated digital meta-atoms, showing the equivalence between this array and a homogeneous, time varying, dispersive material. In the limit of an…

Classical Physics · Physics 2021-09-30 S. A. R. Horsley

As time can be introduced as an additional degree of freedom, temporal metamaterials nowadays open up new avenues for wave control and manipulation. Among these advancements, temporal metamaterial-based antireflection coatings have recently…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-19 Haonan Hou , Kai Peng , Yangkai Wang , Jiarui Wang , Xudong Zhang , Ren Wang , Hao Hu , Jiang Xiong

Space-time modulation of material parameters offers new possibilities for manipulating elastic wave propagation by exploiting time-reversal symmetry breaking. Here we propose and validate a general framework based on the multiple scattering…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-12-08 Xingbo Pu , Alessandro Marzani , Antonio Palermo

Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with time-variant objects is a fundamental problem whose study involves foundational principles of classical electrodynamics. Such study is a necessary preliminary step for delineating the novel…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-05-08 Grigorii Ptitcyn , Mohammad S. Mirmoosa , Sergei A. Tretyakov

A periodic plasmonic meta-material was studied using finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method to investigate the influence of neighboring particles on the near unity optical absorptivity. The meta-material was constructed as a silver…

Optics · Physics 2015-05-18 Terence D. Musho , Anitesh A. Lal , Zackary J. Coppens

Time-varying optical materials have attracted recent interest for their potential to enable frequency conversion, nonreciprocal physics, photonic time-crystals, and more. However, the description of time-varying materials has been primarily…

We theoretically formulate and experimentally demonstrate the design of metagratings (MGs) composed of periodic rectangular grooves in a metallic medium, intended for perfect anomalous reflection. Using mode matching, a semianalytical…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Oshri Rabinovich , Ariel Epstein