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Many combinatorial optimization problems can be phrased in the language of constraint satisfaction problems. We introduce a graph neural network architecture for solving such optimization problems. The architecture is generic; it works for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Jan Toenshoff , Martin Ritzert , Hinrikus Wolf , Martin Grohe

Deep neural networks for graphs have emerged as a powerful tool for learning on complex non-euclidean data, which is becoming increasingly common for a variety of different applications. Yet, although their potential has been widely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Francesca Pistilli , Giuseppe Averta

The theory of finite automata concerns itself with words in a free monoid together with concatenation and without further structure. There are, however, important applications which use alphabets which are structured in some sense. We…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Hugo Bazille , Uli Fahrenberg

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are the first choice for learning algorithms on graph data. GNNs promise to integrate (i) node features as well as (ii) edge information in an end-to-end learning algorithm. How does this promise work out…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Lukas Faber , Yifan Lu , Roger Wattenhofer

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are effective machine learning models for various graph learning problems. Despite their empirical successes, the theoretical limitations of GNNs have been revealed recently. Consequently, many GNN models have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Ryoma Sato

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently grown in popularity in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) due to their unique ability to ingest relatively unstructured data types as input data. Although some elements of the GNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Isaac Ronald Ward , Jack Joyner , Casey Lickfold , Yulan Guo , Mohammed Bennamoun

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful graph-based deep-learning models that have gained significant attention and demonstrated remarkable performance in various domains, including natural language processing, drug discovery, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Jaykumar Kakkad , Jaspal Jannu , Kartik Sharma , Charu Aggarwal , Sourav Medya

Infinite words over infinite alphabets serve as models of the temporal development of the allocation and (re-)use of resources over linear time. We approach omega-languages over infinite alphabets in the setting of nominal sets, and study…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Henning Urbat , Daniel Hausmann , Stefan Milius , Lutz Schröder

Automated driving in urban scenarios requires efficient planning algorithms able to handle complex situations in real-time. A popular approach is to use graph-based planning methods in order to obtain a rough trajectory which is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Oliver Speidel , Jona Ruof , Klaus Dietmayer

Existing defects in software components is unavoidable and leads to not only a waste of time and money but also many serious consequences. To build predictive models, previous studies focus on manually extracting features or using tree…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Anh Viet Phan , Minh Le Nguyen , Lam Thu Bui

B\"uchi automata (BAs) recognize $\omega$-regular languages defined by formal specifications like linear temporal logic (LTL) and are commonly used in the verification of reactive systems. However, BAs face scalability challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Charles Pert , Dalal Alrajeh , Alessandra Russo

Graph neural networks form a class of deep learning architectures specifically designed to work with graph-structured data. As such, they share the inherent limitations and problems of deep learning, especially regarding the issues of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Matteo Belenchia , Flavio Corradini , Michela Quadrini , Michele Loreti

Graphs are used widely to model complex systems, and detecting anomalies in a graph is an important task in the analysis of complex systems. Graph anomalies are patterns in a graph that do not conform to normal patterns expected of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Hwan Kim , Byung Suk Lee , Won-Yong Shin , Sungsu Lim

Graph-based modeling plays a fundamental role in many areas of computer science. In this paper, we introduce systems of graph formulas with variables for specifying graph properties; this notion generalizes the graph formulas introduced in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Frank Drewes , Berthold Hoffmann , Mark Minas

Graphs play an important role in many applications. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved promising results in graph analysis tasks. Some state-of-the-art GNN models have been proposed, e.g., Graph Convolutional Networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Yaoman Li , Irwin King

In machine learning, exploring data correlations to predict outcomes is a fundamental task. Recognizing causal relationships embedded within data is pivotal for a comprehensive understanding of system dynamics, the significance of which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Simi Job , Xiaohui Tao , Taotao Cai , Haoran Xie , Lin Li , Jianming Yong , Qing Li

In this work, we exploit the power of \emph{unambiguity} for the complementation problem of B\"uchi automata by utilizing reduced run directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) over infinite words, in which each vertex has at most one predecessor. We…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Yong Li , Moshe Y. Vardi , Lijun Zhang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted much attention due to their ability to leverage the intrinsic geometries of the underlying data. Although many different types of GNN models have been developed, with many benchmarking procedures…

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a powerful tool to learn representations on graphs by iteratively aggregating features from node neighbourhoods. Many variant models have been proposed, but there is limited understanding on both how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Michael Lingzhi Li , Meng Dong , Jiawei Zhou , Alexander M. Rush

Lots of learning tasks require dealing with graph data which contains rich relation information among elements. Modeling physics systems, learning molecular fingerprints, predicting protein interface, and classifying diseases demand a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Jie Zhou , Ganqu Cui , Shengding Hu , Zhengyan Zhang , Cheng Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Lifeng Wang , Changcheng Li , Maosong Sun