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Reliable application of machine learning-based decision systems in the wild is one of the major challenges currently investigated by the field. A large portion of established approaches aims to detect erroneous predictions by means of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Paul F. Jaeger , Carsten T. Lüth , Lukas Klein , Till J. Bungert

The use of contrastive loss for representation learning has become prominent in computer vision, and it is now getting attention in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Here, we explore the idea of using a batch-softmax contrastive loss when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Anton Chernyavskiy , Dmitry Ilvovsky , Pavel Kalinin , Preslav Nakov

As Large Language Models make a breakthrough in natural language processing tasks (NLP), multimodal technique becomes extremely popular. However, it has been shown that multimodal NLP are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where the outputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hao Wang , Jinzhe Jiang , Xin Zhang , Chen Li

Regularization techniques are crucial to improving the generalization performance and training efficiency of deep neural networks. Many deep learning algorithms rely on weight decay, dropout, batch/layer normalization to converge faster and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Peng Lu , Ahmad Rashid , Ivan Kobyzev , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Philippe Langlais

Noisy labels pose a common challenge for training accurate deep neural networks. To mitigate label noise, prior studies have proposed various robust loss functions to achieve noise tolerance in the presence of label noise, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jialiang Wang , Xiong Zhou , Deming Zhai , Junjun Jiang , Xiangyang Ji , Xianming Liu

Face recognition has been an active and vital topic among computer vision community for a long time. Previous researches mainly focus on loss functions used for facial feature extraction network, among which the improvements of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Xiang An , Xuhan Zhu , Yang Xiao , Lan Wu , Ming Zhang , Yuan Gao , Bin Qin , Debing Zhang , Ying Fu

The problem of learning from label proportions (LLP) involves training classifiers with weak labels on bags of instances, rather than strong labels on individual instances. The weak labels only contain the label proportion of each bag. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Kuen-Han Tsai , Hsuan-Tien Lin

The merit of Conformal Prediction (CP), as a distribution-free framework for uncertainty quantification, depends on generating prediction sets that are efficient, reflected in small average set sizes, while adaptive, meaning they signal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Navid Akhavan Attar , Hesam Asadollahzadeh , Ling Luo , Uwe Aickelin

To mitigate the problem of having to traverse over the full vocabulary in the softmax normalization of a neural language model, sampling-based training criteria are proposed and investigated in the context of large vocabulary word-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Zijian Yang , Yingbo Gao , Alexander Gerstenberger , Jintao Jiang , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained with the Softmax loss are widely used classification models for several vision tasks. Typically, a learnable transformation (i.e. the classifier) is placed at the end of such models returning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Federico Pernici , Matteo Bruni , Claudio Baecchi , Alberto Del Bimbo

The use of high-dimensional features has become a normal practice in many computer vision applications. The large dimension of these features is a limiting factor upon the number of data points which may be effectively stored and processed,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-06-18 Sakrapee Paisitkriangkrai , Chunhua Shen , Anton van den Hengel

State-of-the-art deep face recognition methods are mostly trained with a softmax-based multi-class classification framework. Despite being popular and effective, these methods still have a few shortcomings that limit empirical performance.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Yandong Wen , Weiyang Liu , Adrian Weller , Bhiksha Raj , Rita Singh

Learning image representations on decentralized data can bring many benefits in cases where data cannot be aggregated across data silos. Softmax cross entropy loss is highly effective and commonly used for learning image representations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Sagar M. Waghmare , Hang Qi , Huizhong Chen , Mikhail Sirotenko , Tomer Meron

Deep neural networks can be effective means to automatically classify aerial images but is easy to overfit to the training data. It is critical for trained neural networks to be robust to variations that exist between training and test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Jiayun Wang , Patrick Virtue , Stella X. Yu

The softmax loss and its variants are widely used as objectives for embedding learning, especially in applications like face recognition. However, the intra- and inter-class objectives in the softmax loss are entangled, therefore a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Lanqing He , Zhongdao Wang , Yali Li , Shengjin Wang

Calculation of the log-normalizer is a major computational obstacle in applications of log-linear models with large output spaces. The problem of fast normalizer computation has therefore attracted significant attention in the theoretical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-19 Jacob Andreas , Maxim Rabinovich , Dan Klein , Michael I. Jordan

The Transformer model has been pivotal in advancing fields such as natural language processing, speech recognition, and computer vision. However, a critical limitation of this model is its quadratic computational and memory complexity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Firas Khader , Omar S. M. El Nahhas , Tianyu Han , Gustav Müller-Franzes , Sven Nebelung , Jakob Nikolas Kather , Daniel Truhn

A significant advance in accelerating neural network training has been the development of normalization methods, permitting the training of deep models both faster and with better accuracy. These advances come with practical challenges: for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Jasmine Collins , Johannes Balle , Jonathon Shlens

Previous work has proposed many new loss functions and regularizers that improve test accuracy on image classification tasks. However, it is not clear whether these loss functions learn better representations for downstream tasks. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Simon Kornblith , Ting Chen , Honglak Lee , Mohammad Norouzi

Regularization is an effective way to promote the generalization performance of machine learning models. In this paper, we focus on label smoothing, a form of output distribution regularization that prevents overfitting of a neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Weizhi Li , Gautam Dasarathy , Visar Berisha