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Transformers are powerful sequence models, but require time and memory that grows quadratically with the sequence length. In this paper we introduce sparse factorizations of the attention matrix which reduce this to $O(n \sqrt{n})$. We also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Rewon Child , Scott Gray , Alec Radford , Ilya Sutskever

Transformers have shown improved performance when compared to previous architectures for sequence processing such as RNNs. Despite their sizeable performance gains, as recently suggested, the model is computationally expensive to train and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Machel Reid , Edison Marrese-Taylor , Yutaka Matsuo

Existing semantic segmentation works have been mainly focused on designing effective decoders; however, the computational load introduced by the overall structure has long been ignored, which hinders their applications on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Bo Dong , Pichao Wang , Fan Wang

This paper describes a memory-efficient transformer model designed to drive a reduction in memory usage and execution time by substantial orders of magnitude without impairing the model's performance near that of the original model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Krisvarish V , Priyadarshini T , K P Abhishek Sri Saai , Vaidehi Vijayakumar

Transformer models have demonstrated remarkable success in many domains such as natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision. With the growing interest in transformer-based architectures, they are now utilized for gesture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Mallika Garg , Debashis Ghosh , Pyari Mohan Pradhan

Improving the efficiency of Transformer-based language pre-training is an important task in NLP, especially for the self-attention module, which is computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective solution, called…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Chengxuan Ying , Guolin Ke , Di He , Tie-Yan Liu

Efficient Transformers have been developed for long sequence modeling, due to their subquadratic memory and time complexity. Sparse Transformer is a popular approach to improving the efficiency of Transformers by restricting self-attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Aosong Feng , Irene Li , Yuang Jiang , Rex Ying

Transformers have achieved success in both language and vision domains. However, it is prohibitively expensive to scale them to long sequences such as long documents or high-resolution images, because self-attention mechanism has quadratic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Chen Zhu , Wei Ping , Chaowei Xiao , Mohammad Shoeybi , Tom Goldstein , Anima Anandkumar , Bryan Catanzaro

Target speech extraction (TSE) systems are designed to extract target speech from a multi-talker mixture. The popular training objective for most prior TSE networks is to enhance reconstruction performance of extracted speech waveform.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-10 Kai Liu , Ziqing Du , Xucheng Wan , Huan Zhou

Recurrent neural networks are effective models to process sequences. However, they are unable to learn long-term dependencies because of their inherent sequential nature. As a solution, Vaswani et al. introduced the Transformer, a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Quentin Fournier , Gaétan Marceau Caron , Daniel Aloise

Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable progress in weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS), the effective receptive field of CNN is insufficient to capture global context information, leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Chunmeng Liu , Enze Xie , Wenjia Wang , Wenhai Wang , Guangyao Li , Ping Luo

Recursive (looped) Transformers decouple computational depth from parameter depth by repeatedly applying shared layers, providing an explicit architectural primitive for iterative refinement and latent reasoning. However, early looped…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chengting Yu , Xiaobo Shu , Yadao Wang , Yizhen Zhang , Haoyi Wu , You Wu , Rujiao Long , Ziheng Chen , Yuchi Xu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Music relies heavily on repetition to build structure and meaning. Self-reference occurs on multiple timescales, from motifs to phrases to reusing of entire sections of music, such as in pieces with ABA structure. The Transformer (Vaswani…

Attention-based large language models (LLMs) have transformed modern AI applications, but the quadratic cost of self-attention imposes significant compute and memory overhead. Dynamic sparsity (DS) attention mitigates this, yet its hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Huizheng Wang , Hongbin Wang , Shaojun Wei , Yang Hu , Shouyi Yin

The dot product self-attention (DPSA) is a fundamental component of transformers. However, scaling them to long sequences, like documents or high-resolution images, becomes prohibitively expensive due to quadratic time and memory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Pourya Shamsolmoali , Masoumeh Zareapoor , Eric Granger , Michael Felsberg

Low power deep learning accelerators on the speech processing enable real-time applications on edge devices. However, most of the existing accelerators suffer from high power consumption and focus on image applications only. This paper…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Chih-Chyau Yang , Tian-Sheuan Chang

In this work, we introduce S4M, a new efficient speech separation framework based on neural state-space models (SSM). Motivated by linear time-invariant systems for sequence modeling, our SSM-based approach can efficiently model input…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Chen Chen , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Kai Li , Yuchen Hu , Pin-Jui Ku , Eng Siong Chng

The quadratic complexity of standard self-attention severely limits the application of Transformer-based models to long-context tasks. While efficient Transformer variants exist, they often require architectural changes and costly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jiangshu Du , Wenpeng Yin , Philip Yu

The recently proposed Conformer model has become the de facto backbone model for various downstream speech tasks based on its hybrid attention-convolution architecture that captures both local and global features. However, through a series…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-18 Sehoon Kim , Amir Gholami , Albert Shaw , Nicholas Lee , Karttikeya Mangalam , Jitendra Malik , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer

Looped Transformers have emerged as an efficient and powerful class of models for reasoning in the language domain. Recent studies show that these models achieve strong performance on algorithmic and reasoning tasks, suggesting that looped…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ahmadreza Jeddi , Marco Ciccone , Babak Taati