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Machine Learning (ML) has exhibited substantial success in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). For example large language models have empirically proven to be capable of producing text of high complexity and cohesion. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Marco Casadio , Tanvi Dinkar , Ekaterina Komendantskaya , Luca Arnaboldi , Matthew L. Daggitt , Omri Isac , Guy Katz , Verena Rieser , Oliver Lemon

Complex networks have been employed to model many real systems and as a modeling tool in a myriad of applications. In this paper, we use the framework of complex networks to the problem of supervised classification in the word…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-02-20 Thiago C. Silva , Diego R. Amancio

A lot of effort is currently made to provide methods to analyze and understand deep neural network impressive performances for tasks such as image or text classification. These methods are mainly based on visualizing the important input…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-08 Laurent Vanni , Marco Corneli , Damon Mayaffre , Frédéric Precioso

Vision-language models (VLMs) have gained widespread adoption in both industry and academia. In this study, we propose a unified framework for systematically evaluating gender, race, and age biases in VLMs with respect to professions. Our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ashutosh Sathe , Prachi Jain , Sunayana Sitaram

Large Language Models (LLMs) are a powerful tool for statistical text analysis, with derived sequences of next-token probability distributions offering a wealth of information. Extracting this signal typically relies on metrics such as…

We introduce a new methodology for intrinsic evaluation of word representations. Specifically, we identify four fundamental criteria based on the characteristics of natural language that pose difficulties to NLP systems; and develop tests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-28 Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Hinrich Schütze

Deep Neural Network(DNN) techniques have been prevalent in software engineering. They are employed to faciliatate various software engineering tasks and embedded into many software applications. However, analyzing and understanding their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Xufan Zhang , Ziyue Yin , Yang Feng , Qingkai Shi , Jia Liu , Zhenyu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a class of deep learning models adept at understanding natural language and generating coherent responses to various prompts or queries. These models far exceed the complexity of conventional neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Minghao Shao , Abdul Basit , Ramesh Karri , Muhammad Shafique

Word representation is a fundamental component in neural language understanding models. Recently, pre-trained language models (PrLMs) offer a new performant method of contextualized word representations by leveraging the sequence-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Zhuosheng Zhang , Haojie Yu , Hai Zhao , Rui Wang , Masao Utiyama

Language models (LMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in NLP, yet adapting them efficiently and robustly to specific tasks remains challenging. As their scale and complexity grow, fine-tuning LMs on labelled data often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Zhengyan Shi

Text representations using neural word embeddings have proven effective in many NLP applications. Recent researches adapt the traditional word embedding models to learn vectors of multiword expressions (concepts/entities). However, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-21 Walid Shalaby , Wlodek Zadrozny , Hongxia Jin

Dense word embeddings, which encode semantic meanings of words to low dimensional vector spaces have become very popular in natural language processing (NLP) research due to their state-of-the-art performances in many NLP tasks. Word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-20 Lutfi Kerem Senel , Ihsan Utlu , Veysel Yucesoy , Aykut Koc , Tolga Cukur

Numerical interactions leading to users sharing textual content published by others are naturally represented by a network where the individuals are associated with the nodes and the exchanged texts with the edges. To understand those…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Rémi Boutin , Pierre Latouche , Charles Bouveyron

Narrative understanding involves capturing the author's cognitive processes, providing insights into their knowledge, intentions, beliefs, and desires. Although large language models (LLMs) excel in generating grammatically coherent text,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Lixing Zhu , Runcong Zhao , Lin Gui , Yulan He

In our study, we propose a self-supervised neural topic model (NTM) that combines the power of NTMs and regularized self-supervised learning methods to improve performance. NTMs use neural networks to learn latent topics hidden behind the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Weiran Xu , Kengo Hirami , Koji Eguchi

Matching two texts is a fundamental problem in many natural language processing tasks. An effective way is to extract meaningful matching patterns from words, phrases, and sentences to produce the matching score. Inspired by the success of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-02-23 Liang Pang , Yanyan Lan , Jiafeng Guo , Jun Xu , Shengxian Wan , Xueqi Cheng

Attention based Large Language Models (LLMs) are the state-of-the-art in natural language processing (NLP). The two most common architectures are encoders such as BERT, and decoders like the GPT models. Despite the success of encoder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Isaac Roberts , Alexander Schulz , Luca Hermes , Barbara Hammer

A lot of the recent success in natural language processing (NLP) has been driven by distributed vector representations of words trained on large amounts of text in an unsupervised manner. These representations are typically used as general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Sandeep Subramanian , Adam Trischler , Yoshua Bengio , Christopher J Pal

Computer vision has benefited from initializing multiple deep layers with weights pretrained on large supervised training sets like ImageNet. Natural language processing (NLP) typically sees initialization of only the lowest layer of deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Bryan McCann , James Bradbury , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

Word Embeddings are used widely in multiple Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. They are coordinates associated with each word in a dictionary, inferred from statistical properties of these words in a large corpus. In this paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Adam Sutton , Nello Cristianini