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The Bitcoin cryptocurrency records its transactions in a public log called the blockchain. Its security rests critically on the distributed protocol that maintains the blockchain, run by participants called miners. Conventional wisdom…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-11-18 Ittay Eyal , Emin Gun Sirer

Forks in the Bitcoin network result from the natural competition in the blockchain's Proof-of-Work consensus protocol. Their frequency is a critical indicator for the efficiency of a distributed ledger as they can contribute to resource…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Paolo Barucca , Carlo Campajola , Jiahua Xu

As the first decentralized digital currency introduced in 2009 together with the blockchain, Bitcoin offers new opportunities both for developed and developing countries. Bitcoin peer-to-peer transactions are independent of the banking…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-25 Francesco Parino , Mariano G. Beiro , Laetitia Gauvin

The cryptocurrency market is amongst the fastest-growing of all the financial markets in the world. Unlike traditional markets, such as equities, foreign exchange and commodities, cryptocurrency market is considered to have larger…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-04-06 Fan Fang , Waichung Chung , Carmine Ventre , Michail Basios , Leslie Kanthan , Lingbo Li , Fan Wu

Blockchain (BC) systems are highly distributed peer-to-peer networks that offer an alternative to centralized services and promise robustness to coordinated attacks. However, the resilience and overall security of a BC system rests heavily…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Aristodemos Paphitis , Nicolas Kourtellis , Michael Sirivianos

As a disruptive technology, blockchain, particularly its original form of bitcoin as a type of digital currency, has attracted great attentions. The innovative distributed decision making and security mechanism lay the technical foundation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-21 Ameer Tamoor Khan , Xinwei Cao , Shuai Li

The bitcoin price has surged in recent years and it has also exhibited phases of rapid decay. In this paper we address the question to what extent this novel cryptocurrency market can be viewed as a classic or semi-efficient market. Novel…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-06-26 Josselin Garnier , Knut Solna

Bitcoin is by far the most popular crypto-currency solution enabling peer-to-peer payments. Despite some studies highlighting the network does not provide full anonymity, it is still being heavily used for a wide variety of dubious…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Yining Hu , Suranga Seneviratne , Kanchana Thilakarathna , Kensuke Fukuda , Aruna Seneviratne

Mining processes of Bitcoin and similar cryptocurrencies are currently incentivized with voluntary transaction fees and fixed block rewards which will halve gradually to zero. In the setting where optional and arbitrary transaction fee…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Tiantian Gong , Mohsen Minaei , Wenhai Sun , Aniket Kate

The wide success of Bitcoin has led to a huge surge of alternative cryptocurrencies (altcoins). Most altcoins essentially fork Bitcoin's code with minor modifications, such as the number of coins to be minted, the block size, and the block…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Sebastien Andreina , Lorenzo Alluminio , Giorgia Azzurra Marson , Ghassan Karame

Bitcoin and its underlying technology, blockchain, have gained significant popularity in recent years. Satoshi Nakamoto designed Bitcoin to enable a secure, distributed platform without the need for central authorities, and blockchain has…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Cuneyt Gurcan Akcora , Yulia R. Gel , Murat Kantarcioglu

In a PoW-based blockchain network, mining pools (the solo miner could be regarded as a mining pool containing one miner) compete to successfully mine blocks to pursue rewards. Generally, the rewards include the fixed block subsidies and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Jinmian Chen , Yukun Cheng , Zhiqi Xu , Yan Cao

Blockchains use peer-to-peer networks for disseminating information among peers, but these networks currently do not have any provable guarantees for desirable properties such as Byzantine fault tolerance, good connectivity and small…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Vijeth Aradhya , Seth Gilbert , Aquinas Hobor

Bitcoin is the first and highest valued cryptocurrency that stores transactions in a publicly distributed ledger called the blockchain. Understanding the activity and behavior of Bitcoin actors is a crucial research topic as they are…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Natkamon Tovanich , Rémy Cazabet

Blockchain systems run consensus rules as code to agree on the state of the distributed ledger and secure the network. Changing these rules can be risky and challenging. In addition, it can often be controversial and take much effort to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Jakob Svennevik Notland , Mariusz Nowostawski , Jingyue Li

Bitcoin and its decentralized computing paradigm for digital currency trading are one of the most disruptive technology in the 21st century. This paper presents a novel approach to developing a Bitcoin transaction forecast model,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Wenqi Wei , Qi Zhang , Ling Liu

This paper presents a new blockchain network simulator that uses bitcoin's original reference implementation as its main application. The proposed simulator leverages the use of lightweight virtualization technology to build a fine tuned…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Lina Alsahan , Noureddine Lasla , Mohamed Abdallah

\emph{Uncertain Graph} (also known as \emph{Probabilistic Graph}) is a generic model to represent many real\mbox{-}world networks from social to biological. In recent times analysis and mining of uncertain graphs have drawn significant…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Suman Banerjee

Bitcoin uses blockchain technology to maintain transactions order and provides probabilistic guarantee to prevent double-spending, assuming that an attacker's computational power does not exceed %50 of the network power. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ghader Ebrahimpour , Mohammad Sayad Haghighi

Cryptocurrencies are distributed systems that allow exchanges of native tokens among participants, or the exchange of such tokens for fiat currencies in markets external to these public ledgers. The availability of their complete historical…