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When machine learning supports decision-making in safety-critical systems, it is important to verify and understand the reasons why a particular output is produced. Although feature importance calculation approaches assist in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-14 Divish Rengasamy , Benjamin Rothwell , Grazziela Figueredo

Complex problems may require sophisticated, non-linear learning methods such as kernel machines or deep neural networks to achieve state of the art prediction accuracies. However, high prediction accuracies are not the only objective to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Marina M. -C. Vidovic , Nico Görnitz , Klaus-Robert Müller , Marius Kloft

Many datasets suffer from missing values due to various reasons,which not only increases the processing difficulty of related tasks but also reduces the accuracy of classification. To address this problem, the mainstream approach is to use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Cong Guo , Chun Liu , Wei Yang

The present work provides an application of Global Sensitivity Analysis to supervised machine learning methods such as Random Forests. These methods act as black boxes, selecting features in high--dimensional data sets as to provide…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-22 Giulia Vannucci , Roberta Siciliano , Andrea Saltelli

Feature importance aims at measuring how crucial each input feature is for model prediction. It is widely used in feature engineering, model selection and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). In this paper, we propose a new tree-model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-17 Fan Fang , Carmine Ventre , Lingbo Li , Leslie Kanthan , Fan Wu , Michail Basios

Feature selection on incomplete datasets is an exceptionally challenging task. Existing methods address this challenge by first employing imputation methods to complete the incomplete data and then conducting feature selection based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Cong Guo

Over the past few years, the use of machine learning models has emerged as a generic and powerful means for prediction purposes. At the same time, there is a growing demand for interpretability of prediction models. To determine which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Joris Pries , Guus Berkelmans , Sandjai Bhulai , Rob van der Mei

The rapid advancement and widespread adoption of machine learning-driven technologies have underscored the practical and ethical need for creating interpretable artificial intelligence systems. Feature importance, a method that assigns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Nimrod Harel , Uri Obolski , Ran Gilad-Bachrach

Random forests (RFs) are among the most popular supervised learning algorithms due to their nonlinear flexibility and ease-of-use. However, as black box models, they can only be interpreted via algorithmically-defined feature importance…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-26 Abhineet Agarwal , Ana M. Kenney , Yan Shuo Tan , Tiffany M. Tang , Bin Yu

Integrated Gradients (IG) is a widely used attribution method in explainable AI, particularly in computer vision applications where reliable feature attribution is essential. A key limitation of IG is its sensitivity to the choice of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-21 Kien Tran Duc Tuan , Tam Nguyen Trong , Son Nguyen Hoang , Khoat Than , Anh Nguyen Duc

In traditional Machine Learning, the algorithms predictions are based on the assumption that the data follows the same distribution in both the training and the test datasets. However, in real world data this condition does not hold and,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Laura Fdez-Díaz , Sara González Tomillo , Elena Montañés , José Ramón Quevedo

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has mainly focused on static learning scenarios so far. We are interested in dynamic scenarios where data is sampled progressively, and learning is done in an incremental rather than a batch mode.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Fabian Fumagalli , Maximilian Muschalik , Eyke Hüllermeier , Barbara Hammer

We introduce xplainfi, an R package built on top of the mlr3 ecosystem for global, loss-based feature importance methods for machine learning models. Various feature importance methods exist in R, but significant gaps remain, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Lukas Burk , Fiona Katharina Ewald , Giuseppe Casalicchio , Marvin N. Wright , Bernd Bischl

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is often an integral part of modern decision support systems. The best-performing predictive models used in AI-based decision support systems lack transparency. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Tuwe Löfström , Helena Löfström , Ulf Johansson , Cecilia Sönströd , Rudy Matela

A common approach for feature selection is to examine the variable importance scores for a machine learning model, as a way to understand which features are the most relevant for making predictions. Given the significance of feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Jack Dunn , Luca Mingardi , Ying Daisy Zhuo

Feature importance (FI) estimates are a popular form of explanation, and they are commonly created and evaluated by computing the change in model confidence caused by removing certain input features at test time. For example, in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Peter Hase , Harry Xie , Mohit Bansal

A central goal of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is to assign relative importance to the features of a Machine Learning (ML) model given some prediction. The importance of this task of explainability by feature attribution is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Olivier Letoffe , Xuanxiang Huang , Nicholas Asher , Joao Marques-Silva

Feature importance (FI) measures are widely used to assess the contributions of predictors to an outcome, but they may target different notions of relevance. When predictors are correlated, traditional statistical FI methods are often…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Jin-Hong Du , Kathryn Roeder , Larry Wasserman

Feature weighting algorithms try to solve a problem of great importance nowadays in machine learning: The search of a relevance measure for the features of a given domain. This relevance is primarily used for feature selection as feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-17 Gabriel Prat Masramon , Lluís A. Belanche Muñoz

Missing data is an universal problem in statistics. We develop a unified framework for estimating parameters defined by general estimating equations under a missing-at-random (MAR) mechanism, based on generalized entropy calibration…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-31 Mst Moushumi Pervin , Hengfang Wang , Jae Kwang Kim
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