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As artificial intelligence transforms a wide range of sectors and drives innovation, it also introduces complex challenges concerning ethics, transparency, bias, and fairness. The imperative for integrating Responsible AI (RAI) principles…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Amna Batool , Didar Zowghi , Muneera Bano

Securing AI agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) represents one of the most critical challenges in AI security today. Unlike traditional software, AI agents leverage LLMs as their "brain" to autonomously perform actions via…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Itay Hazan , Yael Mathov , Guy Shtar , Ron Bitton , Itsik Mantin

Embedding artificial intelligence into systems introduces significant challenges to modern engineering practices. Hazard analysis tools and processes have not yet been adequately adapted to the new paradigm. This paper describes initial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Nikolas Martelaro , Carol J. Smith , Tamara Zilovic

The rapid evolution of generative AI has expanded the breadth of risks associated with AI systems. While various taxonomies and frameworks exist to classify these risks, the lack of interoperability between them creates challenges for…

Reliably predicting potential failure risks of machine learning (ML) systems when deployed with production data is a crucial aspect of trustworthy AI. This paper introduces Risk Advisor, a novel post-hoc meta-learner for estimating failure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Preethi Lahoti , Krishna P. Gummadi , Gerhard Weikum

Organisations are starting to adopt LLM-based AI agents, with their deployments naturally evolving from single agents towards interconnected, multi-agent networks. Yet a collection of safe agents does not guarantee a safe collection of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Alistair Reid , Simon O'Callaghan , Liam Carroll , Tiberio Caetano

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology epitomizes the complex challenges posed by human-made artifacts, particularly those widely integrated into society and exerting significant influence, highlighting potential benefits and their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Michael Papademas , Xenia Ziouvelou , Antonis Troumpoukis , Vangelis Karkaletsis

This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis of existing concepts coming from different disciplines tackling the notion of intelligence, namely psychology and engineering, and from disciplines aiming to regulate AI innovations, namely AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Gauthier Chassang , Mogens Thomsen , Pierre Rumeau , Florence Sèdes , Alejandra Delfin

AI incident reporting requirements are emerging in regulation and policy, yet no operational criteria exist for determining when a detected AI incident warrants escalation beyond national handling to international coordination. This paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Francesca Gomez , Matthew Ball , Michael Harre , Lydia Preston , Josephine Schwab , Caio Machado

Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly through the advent of large-scale generative AI (GenAI) models such as Large Language Models (LLMs), has become a transformative element in contemporary technology. While these models have unlocked…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Boming Xia , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Sung Une Lee , Yue Liu , Zhenchang Xing

Safety frameworks represent a significant development in AI governance: they are the first type of publicly shared catastrophic risk management framework developed by major AI companies and focus specifically on AI scaling decisions. I…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Atoosa Kasirzadeh

The increasing deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other autonomous algorithmic systems presents the world with new systemic risks. While focus often lies on the function of individual algorithms, a critical and underestimated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Maurice Chiodo , Dennis Müller

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems connected to sensor-laden devices are becoming pervasive, which has notable implications for a range of AI risks, including to privacy, the environment, autonomy and more. There is therefore a growing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Mona Sloane , Emanuel Moss , Susan Kennedy , Matthew Stewart , Pete Warden , Brian Plancher , Vijay Janapa Reddi

While artificial intelligence (AI) holds enormous promise, many experts in the field are warning that there is a non-trivial chance that the development of AI poses an existential threat to humanity. Existing regulatory initiative do not…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Bryan Druzin , Anatole Boute , Michael Ramsden

Humanity is progressing towards automated product development, a trend that promises faster creation of better products and thus the acceleration of technological progress. However, increasing reliance on non-human agents for this process…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jan Göpfert , Jann M. Weinand , Patrick Kuckertz , Noah Pflugradt , Jochen Linßen

In this paper we discuss how systems with Artificial Intelligence (AI) can undergo safety assessment. This is relevant, if AI is used in safety related applications. Taking a deeper look into AI models, we show, that many models of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Jens Braband , Hendrik Schäbe

Managing complex disaster risks requires interdisciplinary efforts. Breaking down silos between law, social sciences, and natural sciences is critical for all processes of disaster risk reduction. This enables adaptive systems for the rapid…

AI Assurance -- producing the machine-readable evidence required to demonstrate compliance with AI governance frameworks -- has mature policy scaffolding but lacks the infrastructure to operationalize it. Organizations building high-risk AI…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are now an integral part of multiple industries. In clinical research, AI supports automated adverse event detection in clinical trials, patient eligibility screening for protocol enrollment, and data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Laxmiraju Kandikatla , Branislav Radeljic

As artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes industries and societies, ensuring its trustworthiness-through mitigating ethical risks like bias, opacity, and accountability deficits-remains a global challenge. International Organization for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Sridharan Sankaran