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Automatic transcription of stuttered speech remains a challenge, even for modern end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) frameworks. Dysfluencies and fluency-shaping artifacts are often overlooked, resulting in non-verbatim…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-03 Kashaf Gulzar , Dominik Wagner , Sebastian P. Bayerl , Florian Hönig , Tobias Bocklet , Korbinian Riedhammer

Autoregressive (AR) language models generate text one token at a time, which limits their inference speed. Diffusion-based language models offer a promising alternative, as they can decode multiple tokens in parallel. However, we identify a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yeongbin Seo , Dongha Lee , Jaehyung Kim , Jinyoung Yeo

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a powerful tool that allows learning of underlying representations from unlabeled data. Transformer based models such as wav2vec 2.0 and HuBERT are leading the field in the speech domain. Generally these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Bethan Thomas , Samuel Kessler , Salah Karout

End-to-end (E2E) models fold the acoustic, pronunciation and language models of a conventional speech recognition model into one neural network with a much smaller number of parameters than a conventional ASR system, thus making it suitable…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-14 Bo Li , Shuo-yiin Chang , Tara N. Sainath , Ruoming Pang , Yanzhang He , Trevor Strohman , Yonghui Wu

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems developed in recent years have shown promising results with self-attention models (e.g., Transformer and Conformer), which are replacing conventional recurrent neural networks. Meanwhile, a…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Koichi Miyazaki , Masato Murata , Tomoki Koriyama

Recent work on non-autoregressive neural machine translation (NAT) aims at improving the efficiency by parallel decoding without sacrificing the quality. However, existing NAT methods are either inferior to Transformer or require multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Lihua Qian , Hao Zhou , Yu Bao , Mingxuan Wang , Lin Qiu , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu , Lei Li

Scaling the size of language models to tens of billions of parameters has led to impressive performance on a wide range of tasks. At generation, these models are used auto-regressively, requiring a forward pass for each generated token, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Giovanni Monea , Armand Joulin , Edouard Grave

Non-autoregressive approaches aim to improve the inference speed of translation models by only requiring a single forward pass to generate the output sequence instead of iteratively producing each predicted token. Consequently, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Robin M. Schmidt , Telmo Pires , Stephan Peitz , Jonas Lööf

Neural waveform models such as WaveNet have demonstrated better performance than conventional vocoders for statistical parametric speech synthesis. As an autoregressive (AR) model, WaveNet is limited by a slow sequential waveform generation…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-19 Xin Wang , Shinji Takaki , Junichi Yamagishi

The non-autoregressive models have boosted the efficiency of neural machine translation through parallelized decoding at the cost of effectiveness when comparing with the autoregressive counterparts. In this paper, we claim that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Ye Liu , Yao Wan , Jian-Guo Zhang , Wenting Zhao , Philip S. Yu

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) laid the foundation for sequence modeling, but their intrinsic sequential nature restricts parallel computation, creating a fundamental barrier to scaling. This has led to the dominance of parallelizable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Federico Danieli , Pau Rodriguez , Miguel Sarabia , Xavier Suau , Luca Zappella

Neural networks with Auto-regressive structures, such as Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), have become the most appealing structures for acoustic modeling of parametric text to speech synthesis (TTS) in ecent studies. Despite the prominent…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Dabiao Ma , Zhiba Su , Yuhao Lu , Wenxuan Wang , Zhen Li

Non-autoregressive Transformers (NATs) reduce the inference latency of Autoregressive Transformers (ATs) by predicting words all at once rather than in sequential order. They have achieved remarkable progress in machine translation as well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Chenxin An , Jiangtao Feng , Fei Huang , Xipeng Qiu , Lingpeng Kong

State-of-the-art sequence-to-sequence models often require autoregressive decoding, which can be highly expensive. However, for some downstream tasks such as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection and resource allocation, the actual decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Yassir Fathullah , Puria Radmard , Adian Liusie , Mark J. F. Gales

As one of the most popular sequence-to-sequence modeling approaches for speech recognition, the RNN-Transducer has achieved evolving performance with more and more sophisticated neural network models of growing size and increasing training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Wei Zhou , Wilfried Michel , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Auto-regressive speech-text models pre-trained on interleaved text tokens and discretized speech tokens demonstrate strong speech understanding and generation, yet remain substantially less compute-efficient than text LLMs, partly due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yen-Ju Lu , Yashesh Gaur , Wei Zhou , Benjamin Muller , Jesus Villalba , Najim Dehak , Luke Zettlemoyer , Gargi Ghosh , Mike Lewis , Srinivasan Iyer , Duc Le

End-to-end modeling (E2E) of automatic speech recognition (ASR) blends all the components of a traditional speech recognition system into a unified model. Although it simplifies training and decoding pipelines, the unified model is hard to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Zhehuai Chen , Mahaveer Jain , Yongqiang Wang , Michael L. Seltzer , Christian Fuegen

Large language models (LLMs) have become proficient at solving a wide variety of tasks, including those involving multi-modal inputs. In particular, instantiating an LLM (such as LLaMA) with a speech encoder and training it on paired data…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Desh Raj , Gil Keren , Junteng Jia , Jay Mahadeokar , Ozlem Kalinli

Neural end-to-end (E2E) models have become a promising technique to realize practical automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. When realizing such a system, one important issue is the segmentation of audio to deal with streaming input or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-19 Yuya Fujita , Tianzi Wang , Shinji Watanabe , Motoi Omachi

Non-AutoRegressive (NAR) text generation models have drawn much attention because of their significantly faster decoding speed and good generation quality in machine translation. However, in a wider range of text generation tasks, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Fei Huang , Pei Ke , Minlie Huang