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The tremendous success of generative models in recent years raises the question whether they can also be used to perform classification. Generative models have been used as adversarially robust classifiers on simple datasets such as MNIST,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-14 Roland S. Zimmermann , Lukas Schott , Yang Song , Benjamin A. Dunn , David A. Klindt

Recent work has explored a range of model families for human motion generation, including Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and diffusion-based models. Despite their differences, many methods rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 David Björkstrand , Tiesheng Wang , Lars Bretzner , Josephine Sullivan

In supervised machine learning, the assumption that training data is labelled correctly is not always satisfied. In this paper, we investigate an instance of labelling error for classification tasks in which the dataset is corrupted with…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Turab Iqbal , Yin Cao , Qiuqiang Kong , Mark D. Plumbley , Wenwu Wang

We study the problem of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, that is, detecting whether a learning algorithm's output can be trusted at inference time. While a number of tests for OOD detection have been proposed in prior work, a formal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-19 Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli , Anirban Roy , Susmit Jha

The local intrinsic dimension (LID) of data is a fundamental quantity in signal processing and learning theory, but quantifying the LID of high-dimensional, complex data has been a historically challenging task. Recent works have discovered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Eric Yeats , Aaron Jacobson , Darryl Hannan , Yiran Jia , Timothy Doster , Henry Kvinge , Scott Mahan

Learning probability models from data is at the heart of many machine learning endeavors, but is notoriously difficult due to the curse of dimensionality. We introduce a new framework for learning \emph{normalized} energy (log probability)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Florentin Guth , Zahra Kadkhodaie , Eero P Simoncelli

Neural language models are often trained with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), where the next word is generated conditioned on the ground-truth word tokens. During testing, however, the model is instead conditioned on previously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Guoyin Wang , Chunyuan Li , Jianqiao Li , Hao Fu , Yuh-Chen Lin , Liqun Chen , Yizhe Zhang , Chenyang Tao , Ruiyi Zhang , Wenlin Wang , Dinghan Shen , Qian Yang , Lawrence Carin

We propose an efficient framework for amortized conditional inference by leveraging exact conditional score-guided diffusion models to train a non-reversible neural network as a conditional generative model. Traditional normalizing flow…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zezhong Zhang , Caroline Tatsuoka , Dongbin Xiu , Guannan Zhang

Adversarial Imitation Learning is traditionally framed as a two-player zero-sum game between a learner and an adversarially chosen cost function, and can therefore be thought of as the sequential generalization of a Generative Adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Runzhe Wu , Yiding Chen , Gokul Swamy , Kianté Brantley , Wen Sun

Diffusion models are state-of-the-art tools for various generative tasks. Yet training these models involves estimating high-dimensional score functions, which in principle suffers from the curse of dimensionality. It is therefore important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Georg A. Gottwald , Shuigen Liu , Youssef Marzouk , Sebastian Reich , Xin T. Tong

Discrete optimization problems often arise in deep learning tasks, despite the fact that neural networks typically operate on continuous data. One class of these problems involve objective functions which depend on neural networks, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Eric Lei , Arman Adibi , Hamed Hassani

Learning an effective similarity measure between image representations is key to the success of recent advances in visual search tasks (e.g. verification or zero-shot learning). Although the metric learning part is well addressed, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Pierre Jacob , David Picard , Aymeric Histace , Edouard Klein

Whereas diverse variations of diffusion models exist, extending the linear diffusion into a nonlinear diffusion process is investigated by very few works. The nonlinearity effect has been hardly understood, but intuitively, there would be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Dongjun Kim , Byeonghu Na , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee , Wanmo Kang , Il-Chul Moon

Deep generative models (DGMs) seem a natural fit for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, but such models have been shown to assign higher probabilities or densities to OOD images than images from the training distribution. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Lily H. Zhang , Mark Goldstein , Rajesh Ranganath

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful generative priors for high-dimensional inverse problems, yet learning them when only corrupted or noisy observations are available remains challenging. In this work, we propose a new method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Danial Hosseintabar , Fan Chen , Giannis Daras , Antonio Torralba , Constantinos Daskalakis

Diffusion models for image generation often exhibit a trade-off between perceptual sample quality and data likelihood: training objectives emphasizing high-noise denoising steps yield realistic images but poor likelihoods, whereas…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yasin Esfandiari , Stefan Bauer , Sebastian U. Stich , Andrea Dittadi

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have demonstrated remarkable synthesis quality. SGMs rely on a diffusion process that gradually perturbs the data towards a tractable distribution, while the generative model learns to denoise. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-28 Tim Dockhorn , Arash Vahdat , Karsten Kreis

Despite the tremendous success of diffusion generative models in text-to-image generation, replicating this success in the domain of image compression has proven difficult. In this paper, we demonstrate that diffusion can significantly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-11 Emiel Hoogeboom , Eirikur Agustsson , Fabian Mentzer , Luca Versari , George Toderici , Lucas Theis

Fairness-aware domain generalization (FairDG) has emerged as a critical challenge for deploying trustworthy AI systems, particularly in scenarios involving distribution shifts. Traditional methods for addressing fairness have failed in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yujie Lin , Dong Li , Minglai Shao , Guihong Wan , Chen Zhao

Deep neural networks are known to achieve superior results in classification tasks. However, it has been recently shown that they are incapable to detect examples that are generated by a distribution which is different than the one they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Aristotelis-Angelos Papadopoulos , Nazim Shaikh , Mohammad Reza Rajati