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Federated Learning (FL) allows training machine learning models in privacy-constrained scenarios by enabling the cooperation of edge devices without requiring local data sharing. This approach raises several challenges due to the different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Riccardo Zaccone , Andrea Rizzardi , Debora Caldarola , Marco Ciccone , Barbara Caputo

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly adopt Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures to scale model capacity while reducing computation. Fine-tuning these MoE-based LLMs often requires access to distributed and privacy-sensitive data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zihan Fang , Qianru Wang , Haonan An , Zheng Lin , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang

Federated learning is a distributed learning framework that takes full advantage of private data samples kept on edge devices. In real-world federated learning systems, these data samples are often decentralized and Non-Independently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Dun Zeng , Xiangjing Hu , Shiyu Liu , Yue Yu , Qifan Wang , Zenglin Xu

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed training with private client data, but its convergence is hindered by system heterogeneity under realistic communication scenarios. Most FL schemes addressing system heterogeneity utilize global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Keumseo Ryum , Jinu Gong , Joonhyuk Kang

Federated learning has received great attention for its capability to train a large-scale model in a decentralized manner without needing to access user data directly. It helps protect the users' private data from centralized collecting.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Guodong Long , Ming Xie , Tao Shen , Tianyi Zhou , Xianzhi Wang , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) has recently emerged as a promising method that employs a distributed learning model structure to overcome data privacy and transmission issues paused by central machine learning models. In FL, datasets collected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Ali Anaissi , Basem Suleiman

Federated learning (FL) refers to a distributed machine learning framework involving learning from several decentralized edge clients without sharing local dataset. This distributed strategy prevents data leakage and enables on-device…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Taki Hasan Rafi , Faiza Anan Noor , Tahmid Hussain , Dong-Kyu Chae , Zhaohui Yang

Existing incentive solutions for traditional Federated Learning (FL) focus on individual contributions to a single global objective, neglecting the nuances of clustered personalization with multiple cluster-level models and the non-monetary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Ahmad Faraz Khan , Xinran Wang , Qi Le , Zain ul Abdeen , Azal Ahmad Khan , Haider Ali , Ming Jin , Jie Ding , Ali R. Butt , Ali Anwar

In some real-world applications, data samples are usually distributed on local devices, where federated learning (FL) techniques are proposed to coordinate decentralized clients without directly sharing users' private data. FL commonly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Xin-Chun Li , Shaoming Song , Yinchuan Li , Bingshuai Li , Yunfeng Shao , Yang Yang , De-Chuan Zhan

Accommodating edge networks between IoT devices and the cloud server in Hierarchical Federated Learning (HFL) enhances communication efficiency without compromising data privacy. However, devices connected to the same edge often share…

Federated learning is a distributed machine learning approach where multiple clients collaboratively train a model without sharing their local data, which contributes to preserving privacy. A challenge in federated learning is managing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Rickard Brännvall

In Federated Learning (FL), a number of clients or devices collaborate to train a model without sharing their data. Models are optimized locally at each client and further communicated to a central hub for aggregation. While FL is an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Farshid Varno , Marzie Saghayi , Laya Rafiee Sevyeri , Sharut Gupta , Stan Matwin , Mohammad Havaei

In heterogeneous scenarios where the data distribution amongst the Federated Learning (FL) participants is Non-Independent and Identically distributed (Non-IID), FL suffers from the well known problem of data heterogeneity. This leads the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Fatima Abacha , Sin G. Teo , Lucas C. Cordeiro , Mustafa A. Mustafa

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning approach that enables model training in communication efficient and privacy-preserving manner. The standard optimization method in FL is Federated Averaging (FedAvg), which performs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Zeyi Tao , Jindi Wu , Qun Li

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a groundbreaking paradigm in machine learning (ML), offering privacy-preserving collaborative model training across diverse datasets. Despite its promise, FL faces significant hurdles in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Christian Internò , Markus Olhofer , Yaochu Jin , Barbara Hammer

Federated learning is a decentralized and privacy-preserving technique that enables multiple clients to collaborate with a server to learn a global model without exposing their private data. However, the presence of statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Shiyu Liu , Shaogao Lv , Dun Zeng , Zenglin Xu , Hui Wang , Yue Yu

The uneven distribution of local data across different edge devices (clients) results in slow model training and accuracy reduction in federated learning. Naive federated learning (FL) strategy and most alternative solutions attempted to…

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple medical institutions to collaboratively learn a global model without centralizing client data. It is difficult, if possible at all, for such a global model to commonly achieve optimal performance for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-30 Meirui Jiang , Hongzheng Yang , Chen Cheng , Qi Dou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, but fine-tuning them for domain-specific applications often requires substantial domain-specific data that may be distributed across multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Lei Wang , Jieming Bian , Letian Zhang , Jie Xu

Federated learning (FL) is a kind of distributed machine learning framework, where the global model is generated on the centralized aggregation server based on the parameters of local models, addressing concerns about privacy leakage caused…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Chenhao Xu , Youyang Qu , Yong Xiang , Longxiang Gao
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