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Graph Transformers (GTs) have emerged as a promising graph learning tool, leveraging their all-pair connected property to effectively capture global information. To address the over-smoothing problem in deep GNNs, global attention was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Chaohao Yuan , Zhenjie Song , Ercan Engin Kuruoglu , Kangfei Zhao , Yang Liu , Deli Zhao , Hong Cheng , Yu Rong

A long-standing goal in deep learning has been to characterize the learning behavior of black-box models in a more interpretable manner. For graph neural networks (GNNs), considerable advances have been made in formalizing what functions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Chenxiao Yang , Qitian Wu , David Wipf , Ruoyu Sun , Junchi Yan

Graph Neural Network (GNN) resembles the diffusion process, leading to the over-smoothing of learned representations when stacking many layers. Hence, the reverse process of message passing can produce the distinguishable node…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-12 MoonJeong Park , Jaeseung Heo , Dongwoo Kim

Graph Neural Network (GNN) is an emerging technique for graph-based learning tasks such as node classification. In this work, we reveal the vulnerability of GNN to the imbalance of node labels. Traditional solutions for imbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Xiaohe Li , Lijie Wen , Yawen Deng , Fuli Feng , Xuming Hu , Lei Wang , Zide Fan

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown state-of-the-art performances in various applications. However, GNNs often struggle to capture long-range dependencies in graphs due to oversmoothing. In this paper, we generalize the concept of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Sohir Maskey , Raffaele Paolino , Aras Bacho , Gitta Kutyniok

Message passing has evolved as an effective tool for designing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). However, most existing methods for message passing simply sum or average all the neighboring features to update node representations. They are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Rui Yang , Wenrui Dai , Chenglin Li , Junni Zou , Hongkai Xiong

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are popular deep learning models designed to process graph-structured data through recursive neighborhood aggregations in the message passing process. When applied to semi-supervised node classification, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Kevin Mancini , Islem Rekik

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs) generalize tradition convolutional neural networks (CNNs) from low-dimensional regular graphs (e.g., image) to high dimensional irregular graphs (e.g., text documents on word embeddings). Due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Mehrnaz Najafi , Philip S. Yu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as promising solutions for collaborative filtering (CF) through the modeling of user-item interaction graphs. The nucleus of existing GNN-based recommender systems involves recursive message passing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Peiyan Zhang , Yuchen Yan , Xi Zhang , Chaozhuo Li , Senzhang Wang , Feiran Huang , Sunghun Kim

This report gives a summary of two problems about graph convolutional networks (GCNs): over-smoothing and heterophily challenges, and outlines future directions to explore.

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Sitao Luan

Fraud detection problems are usually formulated as a machine learning problem on a graph. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown solid performance on fraud detection. The successes of most previous methods heavily rely on rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Chen Wang , Yingtong Dou , Min Chen , Jia Chen , Zhiwei Liu , Philip S. Yu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have already been widely applied in various graph mining tasks. However, they suffer from the shallow architecture issue, which is the key impediment that hinders the model performance improvement. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Wentao Zhang , Zeang Sheng , Yuezihan Jiang , Yikuan Xia , Jun Gao , Zhi Yang , Bin Cui

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown advantages in various graph-based applications. Most existing GNNs assume strong homophily of graph structure and apply permutation-invariant local aggregation of neighbors to learn a representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Tianmeng Yang , Yujing Wang , Zhihan Yue , Yaming Yang , Yunhai Tong , Jing Bai

Oversmoothing has been claimed as a primary bottleneck for multi-layered graph neural networks (GNNs). Multiple analyses have examined how and why oversmoothing occurs. However, none of the prior work addressed how optimization is performed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 MoonJeong Park , Dongwoo Kim

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved notable success in various applications over graph data. However, recent research has revealed that real-world graphs often contain noise, and GNNs are susceptible to noise in the graph. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Tai Hasegawa , Sukwon Yun , Xin Liu , Yin Jun Phua , Tsuyoshi Murata

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) suffer from severe performance degradation in deep architectures due to over-smoothing. While existing studies primarily attribute the over-smoothing to repeated applications of graph Laplacian operators,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Furong Peng , Jinzhen Gao , Xuan Lu , Kang Liu , Yifan Huo , Sheng Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have become crucial in multimodal recommendation tasks because of their powerful ability to capture complex relationships between neighboring nodes. However, increasing the number of propagation layers in GNNs…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Feng Mo , Lin Xiao , Qiya Song , Xieping Gao , Eryao Liang

Various Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been successful in analyzing data in non-Euclidean spaces, however, they have limitations such as oversmoothing, i.e., information becomes excessively averaged as the number of hidden layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jaeyoon Sim , Sooyeon Jeon , InJun Choi , Guorong Wu , Won Hwa Kim

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have risen to prominence in learning representations for graph structured data. A single GNN layer typically consists of a feature transformation and a feature aggregation operation. The former normally uses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yao Ma , Xiaorui Liu , Tong Zhao , Yozen Liu , Jiliang Tang , Neil Shah

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with equivariant properties have achieved significant success in modeling complex dynamic systems and molecular properties. However, their expressiveness ability is limited by: (1) Existing methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yingxu Wang , Nan Yin , Mingyan Xiao , Xinhao Yi , Siwei Liu , Shangsong Liang