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Related papers: Epistemic Deep Learning

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Epistemic uncertainty in neural networks is commonly modeled using two second-order paradigms: distribution-based representations, which rely on posterior parameter distributions, and set-based representations based on credal sets (convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Kaizheng Wang , Yunjia Wang , Fabio Cuzzolin , David Moens , Hans Hallez , Siu Lun Chau

We introduce a distance-based neural network model for regression, in which prediction uncertainty is quantified by a belief function on the real line. The model interprets the distances of the input vector to prototypes as pieces of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Thierry Denoeux

The ability to estimate epistemic uncertainty is often crucial when deploying machine learning in the real world, but modern methods often produce overconfident, uncalibrated uncertainty predictions. A common approach to quantify epistemic…

The ideas of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty are widely used to reason about the probabilistic predictions of machine-learning models. We identify incoherence in existing discussions of these ideas and suggest this stems from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Freddie Bickford Smith , Jannik Kossen , Eleanor Trollope , Mark van der Wilk , Adam Foster , Tom Rainforth

The Evidential Regression Network (ERN) represents a novel approach that integrates deep learning with Dempster-Shafer's theory to predict a target and quantify the associated uncertainty. Guided by the underlying theory, specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Kai Ye , Tiejin Chen , Hua Wei , Liang Zhan

Motivated by the need to identify erroneous disparity assignments, various approaches for uncertainty and confidence estimation of dense stereo matching have been presented in recent years. As in many other fields, especially deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Max Mehltretter

Deep neural networks can be roughly divided into deterministic neural networks and stochastic neural networks.The former is usually trained to achieve a mapping from input space to output space via maximum likelihood estimation for the…

Assessing the predictive uncertainty of deep neural networks is crucial for safety-related applications of deep learning. Although Bayesian deep learning offers a principled framework for estimating model uncertainty, the common approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Yookoon Park , David M. Blei

Neural networks are ubiquitous in many tasks, but trusting their predictions is an open issue. Uncertainty quantification is required for many applications, and disentangled aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties are best. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Daniel Saromo

Deep learning models frequently make incorrect predictions with high confidence when presented with test examples that are not well represented in their training dataset. We propose a novel and straightforward approach to estimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Tiago Ramalho , Miguel Miranda

Deep learning has emerged as a promising paradigm to give access to highly accurate predictions of molecular and materials properties. A common short-coming shared by current approaches, however, is that neural networks only give point…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Albert Zhu , Simon Batzner , Albert Musaelian , Boris Kozinsky

We study the quantification of uncertainty of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) based on gradient metrics. Unlike the classical softmax entropy, such metrics gather information from all layers of the CNN. We show for the EMNIST digits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Philipp Oberdiek , Matthias Rottmann , Hanno Gottschalk

The use of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models in risk-based decision-making has attracted extensive attention with broad applications in medical, finance, manufacturing, and quality control. To mitigate prediction-related risks in decision…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-11 Maryam Kheirandish , Shengfan Zhang , Donald G. Catanzaro , Valeriu Crudu

Machine learning models provide statistically impressive results which might be individually unreliable. To provide reliability, we propose an Epistemic Classifier (EC) that can provide justification of its belief using support from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Chitresh Bhushan , Zhaoyuan Yang , Nurali Virani , Naresh Iyer

This paper explores belief inference in credal networks using Dempster-Shafer theory. By building on previous work, we propose a novel framework for propagating uncertainty through a subclass of credal networks, namely chains. The proposed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Marco Sangalli , Thomas Krak , Cassio de Campos

Deep Learning is a consolidated, state-of-the-art Machine Learning tool to fit a function when provided with large data sets of examples. However, in regression tasks, the straightforward application of Deep Learning models provides a point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-25 Axel Brando , Jose A. Rodríguez-Serrano , Mauricio Ciprian , Roberto Maestre , Jordi Vitrià

The calibration of predictive distributions has been widely studied in deep learning, but the same cannot be said about the more specific epistemic uncertainty as produced by Deep Ensembles, Bayesian Deep Networks, or Evidential Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Mohammed Fellaji , Frédéric Pennerath , Brieuc Conan-Guez , Miguel Couceiro

Uncertainty-quantification methods are applied to estimate the confidence of deep-neural-networks classifiers over their predictions. However, most widely used methods are known to be overconfident. We address this problem by developing an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Luigi Sbailò , Luca M. Ghiringhelli

This paper addresses a significant gap in explainable AI: the necessity of interpreting epistemic uncertainty in model explanations. Although current methods mainly focus on explaining predictions, with some including uncertainty, they fail…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Helena Löfström , Tuwe Löfström , Johan Hallberg Szabadvary

We propose a generic framework to calibrate accuracy and confidence of a prediction in deep neural networks through stochastic inferences. We interpret stochastic regularization using a Bayesian model, and analyze the relation between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Seonguk Seo , Paul Hongsuck Seo , Bohyung Han