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We propose a variational form of the BDF2 method as an alternative to the commonly used minimizing movement scheme for the time-discrete approximation of gradient flows in abstract metric spaces. Assuming uniform semi-convexity --- but no…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-12-25 Daniel Matthes , Simon Plazotta

Fluid transport networks are important in many natural settings and engineering applications, from animal cardiovascular and respiratory systems to plant vasculature to plumbing networks and chemical plants. Understanding how network…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-04-02 Quynh M Nguyen

We study geometric properties of the gradient flow for learning deep linear convolutional networks. For linear fully connected networks, it has been shown recently that the corresponding gradient flow on parameter space can be written as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 El Mehdi Achour , Kathlén Kohn , Holger Rauhut

The paper surveys recent progresses in understanding the dynamics and loss landscape of the gradient flow equations associated to deep linear neural networks, i.e., the gradient descent training dynamics (in the limit when the step size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Joel Wendin , Claudio Altafini

We study the gradient flow of the potential energy on the infinite-dimensional Riemannian manifold of spatial curves parametrized by the arc length, which models overdamped motion of a falling inextensible string. We prove existence of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-02-28 Wenhui Shi , Dmitry Vorotnikov

We develop a gradient-flow theory for time-dependent functionals defined in abstract metric spaces. Global well-posedness and asymptotic behavior of solutions are provided. Conditions on functionals and metric spaces allow to consider the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-09-15 Lucas C. F. Ferreira , Julio C. Valencia-Guevara

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of continuous- and discrete-time gradient flows of a ``lower-unbounded" convex function $f$ on a Hadamard manifold $M$, particularly, their convergence properties to the boundary $M^{\infty}$…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Hiroshi Hirai , Keiya Sakabe

We present variational approximations of boundary value problems for curvature flow (curve shortening flow) and elastic flow (curve straightening flow) in two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds that are conformally flat. For the evolving open…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-03 Harald Garcke , Robert Nürnberg

This is an expository paper on the theory of gradient flows, and in particular of those PDEs which can be interpreted as gradient flows for the Wasserstein metric on the space of probability measures (a distance induced by optimal…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-09-14 Filippo Santambrogio

Motivated by a constrained minimization problem, it is studied the gradient flows with respect to Hessian Riemannian metrics induced by convex functions of Legendre type. The first result characterizes Hessian Riemannian structures on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-11-27 Felipe Alvarez , Jérôme Bolte , Olivier Brahic

Equipped with the L^2-distortion distance, the space "X" of all metric measure spaces (X,d,m) is proven to have nonnegative curvature in the sense of Alexandrov. Geodesics and tangent spaces are characterized in detail. Moreover, classes of…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-05-13 Karl-Theodor Sturm

We prove full convergence of gradient-flows of the arc-length restricted tangent point energies in the Hilbert-case towards critical points. This is done through a {\L}ojasiewicz-Simon gradient inequality for these energies. In order to do…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Elias Döhrer , Nicolas Freches

It is well-known that the mean curvature flow is a formal gradient flow of the perimeter functional. However, by the work of Michor and Mumford [7,8], the formal Riemannian structure that is compatible with the gradient flow structure…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-12-08 Zhonggan Huang

A recurring obstacle in the study of Wasserstein gradient flow is the lack of convexity of the square Wasserstein metric. In this paper, we develop a class of transport metrics that have better convexity properties and use these metrics to…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-06-06 Katy Craig

While the Anomaly flow was originally motivated by string theory, its zero slope case is potentially of considerable interest in non-Kahler geometry, as it is a flow of conformally balanced metrics whose stationary points are precisely…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-05-25 Duong H. Phong , Sebastien Picard , Xiangwen Zhang

We analyze the gradient flow of a potential energy in the space of probability measures when we substitute the optimal transport geometry with a geometry based on Sinkhorn divergences, a debiased version of entropic optimal transport. This…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Mathis Hardion , Hugo Lavenant

In proper, geodesic Gromov hyperbolic spaces, we investigate discrete-time gradient flows via the proximal point algorithm for unbounded Lipschitz convex functions. Assuming that the target convex function has negative asymptotic slope…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Shin-ichi Ohta

We prove the convergence of a particle method for the approximation of diffusive gradient flows in one dimension. This method relies on the discretisation of the energy via non-overlapping balls centred at the particles and preserves the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-06-09 J. A. Carrillo , F. S. Patacchini , P. Sternberg , G. Wolansky

Gradient descent methods are fundamental first-order optimization algorithms in both Euclidean spaces and Riemannian manifolds. However, the exact gradient is not readily available in many scenarios. This paper proposes a novel inexact…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-18 Juan Zhou , Kangkang Deng , Hongxia Wang , Zheng Peng

The recent introduction of the gradient flow has provided a new tool to probe the dynamics of quantum field theories. The latest developments have shown how to use the gradient flow for the exploration of symmetries, and the definition of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-16 Luigi Del Debbio , Agostino Patella , Antonio Rago