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Initially developed to capture technical innovation and later adapted to identify scientific breakthroughs, the Disruption Index (D-index) offers the first quantitative framework for analyzing transformative research. Despite its promise,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yiling Lin , Linzhuo Li , Lingfei Wu

Bibliometricians have long recurred to citation counts to measure the impact of publications on the advancement of science. However, since the earliest days of the field, some scholars have questioned whether all citations should be worth…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Cristiano Giuffrida , Giovanni Abramo , Ciriaco Andrea D'Angelo

A widely used measure of scientific impact is citations. However, due to their heavy-tailed distribution, citations are fundamentally difficult to predict. Instead, to characterize scientific impact, we address two analogous questions asked…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Yuxiao Dong , Reid A. Johnson , Nitesh V. Chawla

According to current research in bibliometrics, percentiles (or percentile rank classes) are the most suitable method for normalising the citation counts of individual publications in terms of the subject area, the document type and the…

Applications · Statistics 2012-06-11 Lutz Bornmann

In recent years, assessing the performance of researchers has become a burden due to the extensive volume of the existing research output. As a result, evaluators often end up relying heavily on a selection of performance indicators like…

Percentiles are statistics pointing to the standing of a paper's citation impact relative to other papers in a given citation distribution. Percentile Ranks (PRs) often play an important role in evaluating the impact of scholars,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Lutz Bornmann , Richard Williams

Nearly a decade ago, the science community was introduced to the $h$-index, a proposed statistical measure of the collective impact of the publications of any individual researcher. It is of course undeniable that any method of reducing a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-03-24 Keith R. Dienes

Percentile-based approaches have been proposed as a non-parametric alternative to parametric central-tendency statistics to normalize observed citation counts. Percentiles are based on an ordered set of citation counts in a reference set,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2013-09-18 Lutz Bornmann , Loet Leydesdorff , Jian Wang

Research performance is often measured using bibliometric indicators, such as publication count, total citations, and $h$-index. These metrics influence career advancements, salary adjustments, administrative opportunities, funding…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Md Somir Khan , Mehmet Engin Tozal

Following Funk and Owen-Smith (2017), Wu et al. (2019) proposed the disruption index (DI1) as a bibliometric indicator that measures disruptive and consolidating research. When we summarized the literature on the disruption index for our…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Christian Leibel , Lutz Bornmann

The number of citations is a widely used metric to evaluate the scientific credit of papers, scientists and journals. However, it does happen that a paper with fewer citations from prestigious scientists is of higher influence than papers…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2012-04-03 Yan-Bo Zhou , Linyuan Lü , Menghui Li

The recognition of academic excellence is fundamental to the scientific and academic endeavor. However, the term "academic excellence" is often interpreted in different ways, typically, using popular scientometrics such as the H-index,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ariel Rosenfled , Ariel Alexi , Liel Mushiev , Teddy Lazebnik

We submit newly developed citation impact indicators based not on arithmetic averages of citations but on percentile ranks. Citation distributions are-as a rule-highly skewed and should not be arithmetically averaged. With percentile ranks,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2011-06-21 Loet Leydesdorff , Lutz Bornmann , Rüdiger Mutz , Tobias Opthof

In the final analysis citation-based indicators are inferior to effective peer review and even peer review is flawed. It is impossible to accurately measure the value or impact of scientific research and a key task of scientometricians…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2016-06-02 Mike Thelwall

J. E. Hirsch (2005) introduced the h-index to quantify an individual's scientific research output by the largest number h of a scientist's papers, that received at least h citations. This so-called Hirsch index can be easily modified to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-01-31 Michael Schreiber

Given the growing use of impact metrics in the evaluation of scholars, journals, academic institutions, and even countries, there is a critical need for means to compare scientific impact across disciplinary boundaries. Unfortunately,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2013-10-23 Jasleen Kaur , Filippo Radicchi , Filippo Menczer

Many theories of scientific and technological progress imagine science as an iterative, developmental process periodically interrupted by innovations which disrupt and restructure the status quo. Due to the immense societal value created by…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Thomas Gebhart , Russell Funk

This paper presents a first approach to analyzing the factors that determine the citation characteristics of books. For this we use the Thomson Reuters' Book Citation Index, a novel multidisciplinary database launched in 2010 which offers…

The percentile-based rating scale P100 describes the citation impact in terms of the distribution of unique citation values. This approach has recently been refined by considering also the frequency of papers with the same citation counts.…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2014-11-11 Michael Schreiber

Scientific impact has been the center of extended debate regarding its accuracy and reliability. From hiring committees in academic institutions to governmental agencies that distribute funding, an author's scientific success as measured by…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Giannis Nikolentzos , George Panagopoulos , Iakovos Evdaimon , Michalis Vazirgiannis