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As deep learning models are increasingly deployed in safety-critical applications, evaluating their vulnerabilities to adversarial perturbations is essential for ensuring their reliability and trustworthiness. Over the past decade, a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Yong Xie , Weijie Zheng , Hanxun Huang , Guangnan Ye , Xingjun Ma

We study adversarial robustness of neural networks from a margin maximization perspective, where margins are defined as the distances from inputs to a classifier's decision boundary. Our study shows that maximizing margins can be achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Gavin Weiguang Ding , Yash Sharma , Kry Yik Chau Lui , Ruitong Huang

Defense models against adversarial attacks have grown significantly, but the lack of practical evaluation methods has hindered progress. Evaluation can be defined as looking for defense models' lower bound of robustness given a budget…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Ye Liu , Yaya Cheng , Lianli Gao , Xianglong Liu , Qilong Zhang , Jingkuan Song

The vulnerability of deep neural networks to adversarial examples has motivated an increasing number of defense strategies for promoting model robustness. However, the progress is usually hampered by insufficient robustness evaluations. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Xiao Yang , Yinpeng Dong , Wenzhao Xiang , Tianyu Pang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Evaluating adversarial robustness amounts to finding the minimum perturbation needed to have an input sample misclassified. The inherent complexity of the underlying optimization requires current gradient-based attacks to be carefully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Maura Pintor , Fabio Roli , Wieland Brendel , Battista Biggio

Adversarial training, as one of the most effective defense methods against adversarial attacks, tends to learn an inclusive decision boundary to increase the robustness of deep learning models. However, due to the large and unnecessary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Xiaoyu Liang , Yaguan Qian , Jianchang Huang , Xiang Ling , Bin Wang , Chunming Wu , Wassim Swaileh

Attributing APT (Advanced Persistent Threat) malware to their respective groups is crucial for threat intelligence and cybersecurity. However, APT adversaries often conceal their identities, rendering attribution inherently adversarial.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuxia Sun , Huihong Chen , Jingcai Guo , Aoxiang Sun , Zhetao Li , Haolin Liu

How can we make machine learning provably robust against adversarial examples in a scalable way? Since certified defense methods, which ensure $\epsilon$-robust, consume huge resources, they can only achieve small degree of robustness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Hajime Ono , Tsubasa Takahashi , Kazuya Kakizaki

Despite tremendous advancements of machine learning models and algorithms in various application domains, they are known to be vulnerable to subtle, natural or intentionally crafted perturbations in future input data, known as adversarial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-03 Jingfu Peng , Yuhong Yang

Robustness is critical for machine learning (ML) classifiers to ensure consistent performance in real-world applications where models may encounter corrupted or adversarial inputs. In particular, assessing the robustness of classifiers to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Georg Siedel , Ekagra Gupta , Andrey Morozov

Adversarial training (AT) remains one of the most reliable empirical defenses against adversarial attacks. Its robustness critically depends on how the underlying min-max objective is optimized. In practice, Stochastic Gradient Descent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jun Yan , Weiquan Huang , Jiankai Zuo , Yujian Mo , Xi Fang , Chengliang Wu , Zeming Wei

Adversarial training has become the primary method to defend against adversarial samples. However, it is hard to practically apply due to many shortcomings. One of the shortcomings of adversarial training is that it will reduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Zhishen Nie , Ying Lin , Sp Ren , Lan Zhang

There are two major paradigms of white-box adversarial attacks that attempt to impose input perturbations. The first paradigm, called the fix-perturbation attack, crafts adversarial samples within a given perturbation level. The second…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang , Mo Yu , Kaizhi Qian

Adversarial training (AT) is a prominent technique employed by deep learning models to defend against adversarial attacks, and to some extent, enhance model robustness. However, there are three main drawbacks of the existing AT-based…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 X. Peng , D. Zhou , G. Sun , J. Shi , L. Wu

Despite the fundamental distinction between adversarial and natural training (AT and NT), AT methods generally adopt momentum SGD (MSGD) for the outer optimization. This paper aims to analyze this choice by investigating the overlooked role…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Ali Dabouei , Fariborz Taherkhani , Sobhan Soleymani , Nasser M. Nasrabadi

In this paper, we investigate the adversarial robustness of multivariate $M$-Estimators. In the considered model, after observing the whole dataset, an adversary can modify all data points with the goal of maximizing inference errors. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-28 Erhan Bayraktar , Lifeng Lai

Adversarial examples have been shown to be the severe threat to deep neural networks (DNNs). One of the most effective adversarial defense methods is adversarial training (AT) through minimizing the adversarial risk $R_{adv}$, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Yiming Li , Baoyuan Wu , Yan Feng , Yanbo Fan , Yong Jiang , Zhifeng Li , Shutao Xia

Recent research shows the susceptibility of machine learning models to adversarial attacks, wherein minor but maliciously chosen perturbations of the input can significantly degrade model performance. In this paper, we theoretically analyse…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-14 Jingfu Peng , Yuhong Yang

The worst-case training principle that minimizes the maximal adversarial loss, also known as adversarial training (AT), has shown to be a state-of-the-art approach for enhancing adversarial robustness. Nevertheless, min-max optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Jingkang Wang , Tianyun Zhang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Jiacen Xu , Makan Fardad , Bo Li

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. Adversarial training (AT) is a popular and effective strategy to defend against adversarial attacks. Recent works (Benz et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2021; Tian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Boqi Li , Weiwei Liu
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