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Temporal logics have been studied as an approach to the specification of hyperproperties, resulting in the conception of "hyperlogics". With a few recent exceptions, the hyperlogics thus far developed can only relate different traces of a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Jens Oliver Gutsfeld , Arne Meier , Christoph Ohrem , Jonni Virtema

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success in performing varied natural language tasks such as language translation, question-answering, summarizing, fact-checking, etc. Despite LLMs' impressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Bishwamittra Ghosh , Sarah Hasan , Naheed Anjum Arafat , Arijit Khan

In this paper, we study the composition of services so as to obtain runs satisfying a task specification in Linear Temporal Logic on finite traces (LTLf). We study the problem in the case services are nondeterministic and the LTLf…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Giuseppe De Giacomo , Marco Favorito , Luciana Silo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are expected to be predictable and trustworthy to support reliable decision-making systems. Yet current LLMs often show inconsistencies in their judgments. In this work, we examine logical preference consistency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yinhong Liu , Zhijiang Guo , Tianya Liang , Ehsan Shareghi , Ivan Vulić , Nigel Collier

Temporal logics are powerful tools that are widely used for the synthesis and verification of reactive systems. The recent progress on Large Language Models (LLMs) has the potential to make the process of writing such specifications more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 William Murphy , Nikolaus Holzer , Nathan Koenig , Leyi Cui , Raven Rothkopf , Feitong Qiao , Mark Santolucito

We investigate the satisfaction of specifications in Prompt Linear Temporal Logic (Prompt-LTL) by concurrent systems. Prompt-LTL is an extension of LTL that allows to specify parametric bounds on the satisfaction of eventualities, thus…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Swen Jacobs , Mouhammad Sakr , Martin Zimmermann

We investigate the problem of inconsistency measurement on large knowledge bases by considering stream-based inconsistency measurement, i.e., we investigate inconsistency measures that cannot consider a knowledge base as a whole but process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-05-21 Matthias Thimm

We propose a measure and a metric on the sets of infinite traces generated by a set of atomic propositions. To compute these quantities, we first map properties to subsets of the real numbers and then take the Lebesgue measure of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Íñigo Íncer Romeo , Marten Lohstroh , Antonio Iannopollo , Edward A. Lee , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli

The combination of nondeterminism and probability in concurrent systems lead to the development of several interpretations of process behavior. If we restrict our attention to linear properties only, we can identify three main approaches to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Valentina Castiglioni

Hyperproperties are properties of computational systems that require more than one trace to evaluate, e.g., many information-flow security and concurrency requirements. Where a trace property defines a set of traces, a hyperproperty defines…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Jan Baumeister , Norine Coenen , Borzoo Bonakdarpour , Bernd Finkbeiner , Cesar Sanchez

We study the expressivity and complexity of model checking linear temporal logic with team semantics (TeamLTL). TeamLTL, despite being a purely modal logic, is capable of defining hyperproperties, i.e., properties which relate multiple…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Jonni Virtema , Jana Hofmann , Bernd Finkbeiner , Juha Kontinen , Fan Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have grown increasingly powerful, yet ensuring their decisions remain transparent and trustworthy requires self-consistency -- no contradictions in their internal reasoning. Our study reveals that even on simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zhenru Lin , Jiawen Tao , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Automatic synthesis from temporal logic specifications is an attractive alternative to manual system design, due to its ability to generate correct-by-construction implementations from high-level specifications. Due to the high complexity…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Philippe Heim , Rayna Dimitrova

The temporal logics LTLf+ and PPLTL+ have recently been proposed to express objectives over infinite traces. These logics are appealing because they match the expressive power of LTL on infinite traces while enabling efficient DFA-based…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Giuseppe De Giacomo , Yong Li , Sven Schewe , Christoph Weinhuber , Pian Yu

We develop team semantics for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) to express hyperproperties, which have recently been identified as a key concept in the verification of information flow properties. Conceptually, we consider an asynchronous and a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Andreas Krebs , Arne Meier , Jonni Virtema , Martin Zimmermann

Standpoint linear temporal logic SLTL is a recent formalism able to model possibly conflicting commitments made by distinct agents, taking into account aspects of temporal reasoning. In this paper, we analyse the computational properties of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Stéphane Demri , Przemysław Andrzej Wałęga

LLM (large language model) practitioners commonly notice that outputs can vary for the same inputs under settings expected to be deterministic. Yet the questions of how pervasive this is, and with what impact on results, have not to our…

Writing formal specifications for distributed systems is difficult. Even simple consistency requirements often turn out to be unrealizable because of the complicated information flow in the distributed system: not all information is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Bernd Finkbeiner , Leander Tentrup

There has been substantial progress in the inference of formal behavioural specifications from sample trajectories, for example, using Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). However, these techniques cannot handle specifications that correctly…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Rajarshi Roy , Yash Pote , David Parker , Marta Kwiatkowska

Virtually all verification and synthesis techniques assume that the formal specifications are readily available, functionally correct, and fully match the engineer's understanding of the given system. However, this assumption is often…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Simon Lutz , Daniel Neider , Rajarshi Roy