Related papers: Using Ultrapowers to Compare Continuous Structures
We show that in the category of preordered sets, there is a natural notion of pretorsion theory, in which the partially ordered sets are the torsion-free objects and the sets endowed with an equivalence relation are the torsion objects.…
We survey some recent results about the order structure of various kinds of ultrafilters. More precisely, we study Rudin-Keisler and Tukey reducibility in classes of selective, stable ordered-union, and P-point ultrafilters. Although these…
Starting with a likelihood or preference order on worlds, we extend it to a likelihood ordering on sets of worlds in a natural way, and examine the resulting logic. Lewis earlier considered such a notion of relative likelihood in the…
Rearranging the rows or columns of a sparse matrix using an appropriate ordering can significantly reduce fill-ins, i.e., new nonzeros introduced during matrix factorization, decreasing memory usage and runtime. However, finding an ordering…
Preordering is a generalization of clustering and partial ordering with applications in bioinformatics and social network analysis. Given a finite set $V$ and a value $c_{ab} \in \mathbb{R}$ for every ordered pair $ab$ of elements of $V$,…
We present distributions of countable models and correspondent structural characteristics of complete theories with continuum many types: for prime models over finite sets relative to Rudin-Keisler preorders, for limit models over types and…
We describe simple algebraic and combinatorial characterisations of finite relational core structures admitting finitely many obstructions. As a consequence, we show that it is decidable to determine whether a constraint satisfaction…
A structure M is pregeometric if the algebraic closure is a pregeometry in all M' elementarily equivalent to M. We define a generalisation: structures with an existential matroid. The main examples are superstable groups of U-rank a power…
In this paper, we investigate the preconditioned AOR method for solving linear systems. We study two general preconditioners and propose some lower triangular, upper triangular and combination preconditioners. For $A$ being an L-matrix, a…
Preorder polytopes, defined from preorders on finite sets, are introduced and studied from a lattice point enumeration point of view. They naturally generalize arbor polytopes, recently introduced and studied by the second named author.…
Uniform preorders are a class of combinatory representations of Set-indexed preorders that generalize Pieter Hofstra's basic relational objects. An indexed preorder is representable by a uniform preorder if and only if it has as generic…
We investigate the extent of second order characterizable structures by extending Shelah's Main Gap dichotomy to second order logic. For this end we consider a countable complete first order theory T. We show that all sufficiently large…
Taxonomies have been widely used in various machine learning and text mining systems to organize knowledge and facilitate downstream tasks. One critical challenge is that, as data and business scope grow in real applications, existing…
This dissertation is a contribution to the project of second-order set theory, which has seen a revival in recent years. The approach is to understand second-order set theory by studying the structure of models of second-order set theories.…
The prior knowledge (a.k.a. priors) integrated into the design of a machine learning system strongly influences its generalization abilities. In the specific context of deep learning, some of these priors are poorly understood as they…
Assuming an abstract comparison principle called the Ultrapower Axiom, which is motivated by the comparison process of inner model theory and generalizes the statement that the Mitchell order is linear on normal ultrafilters, we…
In this paper, first-order logic is interpreted in the framework of universal algebra, using the clone theory developed in three previous papers. We first define the free clone T(L, C) of terms of a first order language L over a set C of…
We bring forward a logical system of transition algebras that enhances many-sorted first-order logic using features from dynamic logics. The sentences we consider include compositions, unions, and transitive closures of transition…
Ordering theorems, characterizing when partial orders of a group extend to total orders, are used to generate hypersequent calculi for varieties of lattice-ordered groups (l-groups). These calculi are then used to provide new proofs of…
Several theorems about the equivalence of familiar theories of reverse mathematics with certain well-ordering principles have been proved by recursion-theoretic and combinatorial methods (Friedman, Marcone, Montalban et al.) and with…