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With neural networks being used to control safety-critical systems, they increasingly have to be both accurate (in the sense of matching inputs to outputs) and robust. However, these two properties are often at odds with each other and a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-30 Ross Drummond , Chris Guiver , Matthew C. Turner

Let $U\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{n}$ be open and convex. We show that every (not necessarily Lipschitz or strongly) convex function $f:U\to\mathbb{R}$ can be approximated by real analytic convex functions, uniformly on all of $U$. In doing so we…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2012-01-17 D. Azagra

The universal approximation theorem asserts that a single hidden layer neural network approximates continuous functions with any desired precision on compact sets. As an existential result, the universal approximation theorem supports the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Wington L. Vital , Guilherme Vieira , Marcos Eduardo Valle

We describe generalizations of the universal approximation theorem for neural networks to maps invariant or equivariant with respect to linear representations of groups. Our goal is to establish network-like computational models that are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-30 Dmitry Yarotsky

This paper proposes a new family of algorithms for training neural networks (NNs). These are based on recent developments in the field of non-convex optimization, going under the general name of successive convex approximation (SCA)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-16 Simone Scardapane , Paolo Di Lorenzo

We discuss approximation of functions using deep neural nets. Given a function $f$ on a $d$-dimensional manifold $\Gamma \subset \mathbb{R}^m$, we construct a sparsely-connected depth-4 neural network and bound its error in approximating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-24 Uri Shaham , Alexander Cloninger , Ronald R. Coifman

Universal approximation theory offers a foundational framework to verify neural network expressiveness, enabling principled utilization in real-world applications. However, most existing theoretical constructions are established by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 ZeYu Li , ShiJun Zhang , TieYong Zeng , FengLei Fan

The universal approximation theorem, in one of its most general versions, says that if we consider only continuous activation functions $\sigma$, then a standard feedforward neural network with one hidden layer is able to approximate any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Kai Fong Ernest Chong

For a simple model of shallow and wide neural networks, we show that the epigraph of its input-output map as a function of the network parameters approximates epigraph of a. convex function in a precise sense. This leads to a plausible…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-05 Vivek Borkar , Parthe Pandit

In this paper we study shallow neural network functions which are linear combinations of compositions of activation and quadratic functions, replacing standard affine linear functions, often called neurons. We show the universality of this…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-12 Leon Frischauf , Otmar Scherzer , Cong Shi

We study feedforward neural networks with inputs from a topological vector space (TVS-FNNs). Unlike traditional feedforward neural networks, TVS-FNNs can process a broader range of inputs, including sequences, matrices, functions and more.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Vugar Ismailov

We propose a novel class of neural network-like parametrized functions, i.e., general transformation neural networks (GTNNs), for high-dimensional approximation. Conventional deep neural networks sometimes perform less accurately on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Xiaoyang Wang , Yiqi Gu

In this paper, we develop a multivariate framework for approximation by max-min neural network operators. Building on the recent advances in approximation theory by neural network operators, particularly, the univariate max-min operators,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Abhishek Yadav , Uaday Singh , Feng Dai

Several optimization schemes have been known for convex optimization problems. However, numerical algorithms for solving nonconvex optimization problems are still underdeveloped. A progress to go beyond convexity was made by considering the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-06-29 Nguyen Thai An , Nguyen Mau Nam

The approximation power of general feedforward neural networks with piecewise linear activation functions is investigated. First, lower bounds on the size of a network are established in terms of the approximation error and network depth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Mohammad Mehrabi , Aslan Tchamkerten , Mansoor I. Yousefi

Recent advances in adversarial attacks and Wasserstein GANs have advocated for use of neural networks with restricted Lipschitz constants. Motivated by these observations, we study the recently introduced GroupSort neural networks, with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-09 Ugo Tanielian , Maxime Sangnier , Gerard Biau

We generalize Newton-type methods for minimizing smooth functions to handle a sum of two convex functions: a smooth function and a nonsmooth function with a simple proximal mapping. We show that the resulting proximal Newton-type methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-03-19 Jason D. Lee , Yuekai Sun , Michael A. Saunders

It has been proposed that random wide neural networks near Gaussian process are quantum field theories around Gaussian fixed points. In this paper, we provide a novel map with which a wide class of quantum mechanical systems can be cast…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-19 Koji Hashimoto , Yuji Hirono , Jun Maeda , Jojiro Totsuka-Yoshinaka

The universal approximation theorem is generalised to uniform convergence on the (noncompact) input space $\mathbb{R}^n$. All continuous functions that vanish at infinity can be uniformly approximated by neural networks with one hidden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Teun D. H. van Nuland

This work presents a novel algorithm for transforming a neural network into a spline representation. Unlike previous work that required convex and piecewise-affine network operators to create a max-affine spline alternate form, this work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Adam Perrett , Danny Wood , Gavin Brown