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There has never been a more exciting time for the future of quantum computing than now. Near-term quantum computing usage is now the next XPRIZE. With that challenge in mind we have explored a new approach as a hybrid quantum-classical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-04-23 James Holliday , Braeden Morgan , Hugh Churchill , Khoa Luu

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (CVRPTW) is a fundamental NP-hard optimization problem in logistics. Solving large-scale instances remains computationally challenging for exact solvers. This paper introduces a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mustafa Mert Özyılmaz

We study the demand-robust fleet size vehicle routing problem with time windows and compatibility constraints. Unlike traditional robust optimization, which considers uncertainty in the data, demand-robust optimization considers uncertainty…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Jordan Makansi

The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time-Windows (VRPTW) is an important problem in allocating resources on networks in time and space. We present in this paper a Deterministic Annealing (DA)-based approach to solving the VRPTW with its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-14 Mayank Baranwal , Pratik M. Parekh , Lavanya Marla , Srinivasa M. Salapaka , Carolyn L. Beck

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been used to learn effective heuristics for solving complex combinatorial optimisation problem via policy networks and have demonstrated promising performance. Existing works have focused on solving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Nasrin Sultana , Jeffrey Chan , A. K. Qin , Tabinda Sarwar

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the most intensively studied combinatorial optimisation problems for which numerous models and algorithms have been proposed. To tackle the complexities, uncertainties and dynamics involved in…

This paper provides a systematic overview of machine learning methods applied to solve NP-hard Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs). Recently, there has been a great interest from both machine learning and operations research communities to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Aigerim Bogyrbayeva , Meraryslan Meraliyev , Taukekhan Mustakhov , Bissenbay Dauletbayev

Neural Combinatorial Optimization aims to learn to solve a class of combinatorial problems through data-driven methods and notably through employing neural networks by learning the underlying distribution of problem instances. While, so far…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Daniela Thyssens , Tim Dernedde , Wilson Sentanoe , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

We propose an automata-theoretic approach for reinforcement learning (RL) under complex spatio-temporal constraints with time windows. The problem is formulated using a Markov decision process under a bounded temporal logic constraint.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Xiaoshan Lin , Abbasali Koochakzadeh , Yasin Yazicioglu , Derya Aksaray

We study the strategic decision-making problem of assigning time windows to customers in the context of vehicle routing applications that are affected by operational uncertainty. This problem, known as the Time Window Assignment Vehicle…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-11 Anirudh Subramanyam , Akang Wang , Chrysanthos E. Gounaris

Connected and autonomous vehicles have the potential to minimize energy consumption by optimizing the vehicle velocity and powertrain dynamics with Vehicle-to-Everything info en route. Existing deterministic and stochastic methods created…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Jacob Paugh , Zhaoxuan Zhu , Shobhit Gupta , Marcello Canova , Stephanie Stockar

Many real-world control problems involve both discrete decision variables - such as the choice of control modes, gear switching or digital outputs - as well as continuous decision variables - such as velocity setpoints, control gains or…

In many applications of vehicle routing, a set of time windows are feasible for each visit, giving rise to the Vehicle Routing Problem with Multiple Time Windows (VRPMTW). We argue that such disjunctions are problematic for many solution…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-13 Rune Larsen , Dario Pacino

We present an end-to-end framework for the Assignment Problem with multiple tasks mapped to a group of workers, using reinforcement learning while preserving many constraints. Tasks and workers have time constraints and there is a cost…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Sharmin Pathan , Vyom Shrivastava

This paper reviews the current progress in applying machine learning (ML) tools to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, with a focus on routing problems such as the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and the vehicle routing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Fangting Zhou , Attila Lischka , Balazs Kulcsar , Jiaming Wu , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani , Gilbert Laporte

We present a novel method to address the problem of multi-vehicle conflict resolution in highly constrained spaces. An optimal control problem is formulated to incorporate nonlinear, non-holonomic vehicle dynamics and exact collision…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Xu Shen , Francesco Borrelli

Two multivehicle routing problems are considered in the framework that a visit to a location must take place during a specific time window in order to be counted and all time windows are the same length. In the first problem, the goal is to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-01-21 Greg N. Frederickson , Barry Wittman

Vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a typical discrete combinatorial optimization problem, and many models and algorithms have been proposed to solve the VRP and its variants. Although existing approaches have contributed a lot to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Bingjie Li , Guohua Wu , Yongming He , Mingfeng Fan , Witold Pedrycz

Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) has emerged as a promising learning-based paradigm for addressing Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) by minimizing the need for extensive manual engineering. While existing NCO methods, trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yuanyao Chen , Rongsheng Chen , Fu Luo , Zhenkun Wang

This paper introduces a new approach to improve the performance of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (CVRPTW) solvers for a high number of nodes. It proposes to cluster nodes together using Recursive-DBSCAN - an…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Kamil Bujel , Feiko Lai , Michal Szczecinski , Winnie So , Miguel Fernandez