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Randomized experiments are the preferred approach for evaluating the effects of interventions, but they are costly and often yield estimates with substantial uncertainty. On the other hand, in silico experiments leveraging foundation models…

Imitation Learning offers a promising approach to learn directly from data without requiring explicit models, simulations, or detailed task definitions. During inference, actions are sampled from the learned distribution and executed on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amirreza Razmjoo , Sylvain Calinon , Michael Gienger , Fan Zhang

Bayesian statistical models allow us to formalise our knowledge about the world and reason about our uncertainty, but there is a need for better procedures to accurately encode its complexity. One way to do so is through compositional…

Computation · Statistics 2017-03-01 Maria Lomeli

We study statistical inference and distributionally robust solution methods for stochastic optimization problems, focusing on confidence intervals for optimal values and solutions that achieve exact coverage asymptotically. We develop a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-03 John Duchi , Peter Glynn , Hongseok Namkoong

Sampling is a fundamental problem in computer science and statistics. However, for a given task and stream, it is often not possible to choose good sampling probabilities in advance. We derive a general framework for adaptively changing the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-16 Daniel Ting

Random-effects meta-analyses have been widely applied in evidence synthesis for various types of medical studies. However, standard inference methods (e.g. restricted maximum likelihood estimation) usually underestimate statistical errors…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-13 Shonosuke Sugasawa , Hisashi Noma

A Bayesian inference method for problems with small samples and sparse data is presented in this paper. A general type of prior ($\propto 1/\sigma^{q}$) is proposed to formulate the Bayesian posterior for inference problems under small…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-14 Jingjing He , Xuefei Guan

Background: Clinical prediction models are increasingly used to inform healthcare decisions, but determining the minimum sample size for their development remains a critical and unresolved challenge. Inadequate sample sizes can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Diana Shamsutdinova , Felix Zimmer , Oyebayo Ridwan Olaniran , Sarah Markham , Daniel Stahl , Gordon Forbes , Ewan Carr

Random-effects models are frequently used to synthesise information from different studies in meta-analysis. While likelihood-based inference is attractive both in terms of limiting properties and of implementation, its application in…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-16 Ioannis Kosmidis , Annamaria Guolo , Cristiano Varin

We provide finite-sample distribution approximations, that are uniform in the parameter, for inference in linear mixed models. Focus is on variances and covariances of random effects in cases where existing theory fails because their…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Karl Oskar Ekvall , Matteo Bottai

In the case of informative sampling the sampling scheme explicitly or implicitly depends on the response variable. As a result, the sample distribution of response variable can- not be used for making inference about the population. In this…

Applications · Statistics 2016-11-18 Anna Sikov

Selective inference (post-selection inference) is a methodology that has attracted much attention in recent years in the fields of statistics and machine learning. Naive inference based on data that are also used for model selection tends…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-25 Yoshiyuki Ninomiya , Yuta Umezu , Ichiro Takeuchi

Computational method for statistical measures of reliability, confidence, and assurance are available for infinite population size. If the population size is finite and small compared to the number of samples tested, these computational…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Sanjay M. Joshi

In non-linear estimations, it is common to assess sampling uncertainty by bootstrap inference. For complex models, this can be computationally intensive. This paper combines optimization with resampling: turning stochastic optimization into…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-05-09 Jean-Jacques Forneron

This paper introduces a new method for testing the statistical significance of estimated parameters in predictive regressions. The approach features a new family of test statistics that are robust to the degree of persistence of the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-02-04 Jean-Yves Pitarakis

Data subsampling has become widely recognized as a tool to overcome computational and economic bottlenecks in analyzing massive datasets. We contribute to the development of adaptive design for estimation of finite population…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-08 Henrik Imberg , Xiaomi Yang , Carol Flannagan , Jonas Bärgman

We consider universal inference in variance components models, focusing on settings where the parameter is near or at the boundary of the parameter set. Two cases, which are not handled by existing state-of-the-art methods, are of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-03 Yiqiao Zhang , Karl Oskar Ekvall , Aaron J. Molstad

Aims: To propose a general sample size framework for developing or updating a clinical prediction model using any statistical or machine learning method, based on drawing samples from anticipated posterior distributions and targeting…

We propose and develop a novel and effective perfect sampling methodology for simulating from posteriors corresponding to mixtures with either known (fixed) or unknown number of components. For the latter we consider the Dirichlet…

Computation · Statistics 2012-03-14 Sabyasachi Mukhopadhyay , Sourabh Bhattacharya

Ensuring that analyses performed on a dataset are representative of the entire population is one of the central problems in statistics. Most classical techniques assume that the dataset is independent of the analyst's query and break down…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Guy Blanc