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Summarizing Indian legal court judgments is a complex task not only due to the intricate language and unstructured nature of the legal texts, but also since a large section of the Indian population does not understand the complex English in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Debtanu Datta , Rajdeep Mukherjee , Adrijit Goswami , Saptarshi Ghosh

Automatic summarization of legal case judgments is a practically important problem that has attracted substantial research efforts in many countries. In the context of the Indian judiciary, there is an additional complexity -- Indian legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Debtanu Datta , Shubham Soni , Rajdeep Mukherjee , Saptarshi Ghosh

Unlike the courts in western countries, public records of Indian judiciary are completely unstructured and noisy. No large scale publicly available annotated datasets of Indian legal documents exist till date. This limits the scope for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Vedant Parikh , Vidit Mathur , Parth Mehta , Namita Mittal , Prasenjit Majumder

Document summarization aims to create a precise and coherent summary of a text document. Many deep learning summarization models are developed mainly for English, often requiring a large training corpus and efficient pre-trained language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Lakshmi Sireesha Vakada , Anudeep Ch , Mounika Marreddy , Subba Reddy Oota , Radhika Mamidi

Automatic summarization of legal case documents is an important and practical challenge. Apart from many domain-independent text summarization algorithms that can be used for this purpose, several algorithms have been developed specifically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Paheli Bhattacharya , Soham Poddar , Koustav Rudra , Kripabandhu Ghosh , Saptarshi Ghosh

With the increasing need for text summarization techniques that are both efficient and accurate, it becomes crucial to explore avenues that enhance the quality and precision of pre-trained models specifically tailored for summarizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 G. M. Shahariar , Tonmoy Talukder , Rafin Alam Khan Sotez , Md. Tanvir Rouf Shawon

Legal systems worldwide are inundated with exponential growth in cases and documents. There is an imminent need to develop NLP and ML techniques for automatically processing and understanding legal documents to streamline the legal system.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Abhinav Joshi , Shounak Paul , Akshat Sharma , Pawan Goyal , Saptarshi Ghosh , Ashutosh Modi

Automatic summarization of legal case judgements has traditionally been attempted by using extractive summarization methods. However, in recent years, abstractive summarization models are gaining popularity since they can generate more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Aniket Deroy , Kripabandhu Ghosh , Saptarshi Ghosh

Abstractive summarization systems generally rely on large collections of document-summary pairs. However, the performance of abstractive systems remains a challenge due to the unavailability of parallel data for low-resource languages like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Radia Rayan Chowdhury , Mir Tafseer Nayeem , Tahsin Tasnim Mim , Md. Saifur Rahman Chowdhury , Taufiqul Jannat

Legal document summarization represents a significant advancement towards improving judicial efficiency through the automation of key information detection. Our approach leverages state-of-the-art natural language processing techniques to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yongjie Li , Ruilin Nong , Jianan Liu , Lucas Evans

In India, access to legal assistance for the general public has been observed to have a critical gap, as many citizens are not able to take full advantage of their legal rights due to limited access and awareness of apposite legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Jatin Gupta , Akhil Sharma , Saransh Singhania , Ali Imam Abidi

Manual Summarization of large bodies of text involves a lot of human effort and time, especially in the legal domain. Lawyers spend a lot of time preparing legal briefs of their clients' case files. Automatic Text summarization is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Varun Pandya

Long documents such as academic articles and business reports have been the standard format to detail out important issues and complicated subjects that require extra attention. An automatic summarization system that can effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Huan Yee Koh , Jiaxin Ju , Ming Liu , Shirui Pan

Automatic patent summarization approaches that help in the patent analysis and comprehension procedure are in high demand due to the colossal growth of innovations. The development of natural language processing (NLP), text mining, and deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Nevidu Jayatilleke , Ruvan Weerasinghe

Summarization of legal case judgement documents is a challenging problem in Legal NLP. However, not much analyses exist on how different families of summarization models (e.g., extractive vs. abstractive) perform when applied to legal case…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Abhay Shukla , Paheli Bhattacharya , Soham Poddar , Rajdeep Mukherjee , Kripabandhu Ghosh , Pawan Goyal , Saptarshi Ghosh

Automatic summarization of legal texts is an important and still a challenging task since legal documents are often long and complicated with unusual structures and styles. Recent advances of deep models trained end-to-end with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Duy-Hung Nguyen , Bao-Sinh Nguyen , Nguyen Viet Dung Nghiem , Dung Tien Le , Mim Amina Khatun , Minh-Tien Nguyen , Hung Le

NLP in the legal domain has seen increasing success with the emergence of Transformer-based Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) pre-trained on legal text. PLMs trained over European and US legal text are available publicly; however, legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Shounak Paul , Arpan Mandal , Pawan Goyal , Saptarshi Ghosh

Legal documents are often long, dense, and difficult to comprehend, not only for laypeople but also for legal experts. While automated document summarization has great potential to improve access to legal knowledge, prevailing task-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tsz Fung Pang , Maryam Berijanian , Thomas Orth , Breanna Shi , Charlotte S. Alexander

A law practitioner has to go through numerous lengthy legal case proceedings for their practices of various categories, such as land dispute, corruption, etc. Hence, it is important to summarize these documents, and ensure that summaries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Ankan Mullick , Abhilash Nandy , Manav Nitin Kapadnis , Sohan Patnaik , R Raghav , Roshni Kar

Abstractive summarization is the task of compressing a long document into a coherent short document while retaining salient information. Modern abstractive summarization methods are based on deep neural networks which often require large…

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