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A simple model is presented of the formation of the spiral the (z,v_z) phase plane of solar-neighbourhood stars that was recently discovered in Gaia data. The key is that the frequency Omega_z at which stars oscillate vertically depends on…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-09-05 James Binney , Ralph Schoenrich

We analyse an N-body simulation of the interaction of the Milky Way (MW) with a Sagittarius-like dSph (Sgr), looking for signatures which may be attributed to its orbital history in the phase space volume around the Sun in light of $Gaia$…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-06 Chervin F. P. Laporte , Ivan Minchev , Kathryn V. Johnston , Facundo A. Gómez

We have investigated the distributions of stellar azimuthal and radial velocity components $V_{\Phi}$ and $V_{R}$ in the vertical position-velocity plane $Z$-$V_{Z}$ across the Galactic disc of $6.34 \lesssim R \lesssim 12.34$\,kpc and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-05-29 C. Wang , Y. Huang , H. -B. Yuan , M. -S. Xiang , B. -Q. Chen , H. -F. Wang , Y. -Q. Wu , H. -W. Zhang , Z. -J. Tian , Y. Yang , M. Zhang , X. -W. Liu

The solar neighborhood contains disc stars that have recently crossed spiral arms in the Galaxy. We propose that boundaries in local velocity distributions separate stars that have recently crossed or been perturbed by a particular arm from…

The outer parts of the Milky Way's disc are significantly out of equilibrium. Using only distances and proper motions of stars from Gaia's Early Data Release 3, in the range |b|<10{\deg}, 130{\deg}<l<230{\deg}, we show that for stars in the…

Context. The physical processes driving the formation of Galactic spiral arms are still under debate. Studies using open clusters favour the description of the Milky Way spiral arms as long-lived structures following the classical density…

Studying the nature of spiral arms is essential for understanding the formation of the intricate disc structure of the Milky Way. The European Space Agency's Gaia mission has provided revolutionary observational data that have uncovered…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-28 Natsuki Funakoshi , Noriyuki Matsunaga , Daisuke Kawata , Junichi Baba , Daisuke Taniguchi , Michiko Fujii

Kinematic and spectroscopic studies in the past few years have revealed coherent azimuthal metallicity variations across the Milky Way's disk that may be the result of dynamical processes associated with non-axisymmetric features of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-07 Carlos Jurado , Keith Hawkins , Jason A. S. Hunt , Zoe Hackshaw , Carrie Filion , Neige Frankel , Christopher Carr

Using the Gaia data release 2 (DR2), we analyzed the distribution of stars in the close vicinity of the Sun in the full 3D position-velocity space. We have found no evidence of incomplete phase mixing in the vertical direction of the disk,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-21 Tatiana A. Michtchenko , Douglas A. Barros , Angeles Pérez-Villegas , Jacques R. D. Lépine

The recent discovery of a spiral pattern in the vertical kinematic structure in the solar neighborhood provides a prime opportunity to study non-equilibrium dynamics in the Milky Way from local stellar kinematics. Furthermore, results from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-02-21 Elise Darragh-Ford , Jason A. S. Hunt , Adrian M. Price-Whelan , Kathryn V. Johnston

The distribution of chemical elements in the Galactic disc can reveal fundamental clues on the physical processes that led to the current configuration of our Galaxy. We map chemical azimuthal variations in the disc using individual stellar…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-25 M. Barbillon , A. Recio-Blanco , E. Poggio , P. A. Palicio , E. Spitoni , P. de Laverny , G. Cescutti

The generation of spiral arms and the mechanisms controlling their properties within a realistic cosmological framework - the complete understanding is still beyond our grasp. Using a statistically significant sample of Milky Way- and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-31 Soumavo Ghosh , Elena D'Onghia

The Gaia Space Satellite has transformed the field of Galactic Dynamics by collecting 6D phase space information for hundreds of millions of stars. In 2018, it enabled the discovery of the Gaia Phase Spiral (Antoja et al., 2018), a clear…

We developed a new selection method of halo stars in the phase-space distribution defined by the three integrals of motion in an axisymmetric Galactic potential, ($E$, $L_z$, $I_3$), where $I_3$ is the third integral of motion. The method…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-03 Daniela Carollo , Masashi Chiba

In this work we present two new $\sim10^9$ particle self-consistent simulations of the merger of a Sagittarius-like dwarf galaxy with a Milky Way-like disc galaxy. One model is a violent merger creating a thick disc, and a…

The vertical distribution of stars in the solar neighbourhood is not in equilibrium but contains a wave signature in both density and velocity space originating from a perturbation. With the discovery of the phase-space spiral in Gaia data…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-06-15 Morgan Bennett , Jo Bovy

Context. The Gaia mission has released the second data set (Gaia DR2), which contains parallaxes and proper motions for a large number of massive, young stars. Aims. We investigate the spiral structure in the solar neighborhood revealed by…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-29 Y. Xu , S. B. Bian , M. J. Reid , J. J. Li , B. Zhang , Q. Z. Yan , T. M. Dame , K. M. Menten , Z. H. He , S. L. Liao , Z. H. Tang

Context: Deep GALEX UV data show that the extreme outskirts of some spiral galaxies are teeming with star formation. Such young stellar populations evolving so far away from the bulk of their host galaxies challenge our overall…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-02-05 Leire Beitia-Antero , Ana Inés Gómez de Castro , Raúl de la Fuente Marcos

The characteristics of Gaia catalogues, such as trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions of stars, are discussed. Radial velocities of stars are also important for studying spatial motions. The most important results of the kinematics…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-21 Vadim Bobylev , Anisa Bajkova

We use the conjugate angle of radial action ($\theta_R$), the best representation of the orbital phase, to explore the "mid-plane, north branch, south branch" and "Monoceros area" disk structures that were previously revealed in the LAMOST…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-17 Y. Xu , C. Liu , Z. Li , H. Tian , Sarah A. Bird , H. J. Newberg , S. Shao , L. C. Deng